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Тема
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 Нобелевская премия 2016г:доказал поститься полезнo
[re: Mod vege]
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| Автор |
Mod vege (старо куче) |
| Публикувано | 05.10.16 06:52 |
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Ученый, открывший механизм сохранения молодости, и сам выглядит моложаво.
Ёсинори Осуми - специалист по клеточной биологии из Японии - стал Нобелевским лауреатом в области физиологии и медицины
Началась Нобелевская неделя, в ходе которой будут распределены самые почетные научные награды и названы лауреаты области медицины и физиологии, физики, химии.
Лауреат в области медицины и физиологии был назван сегодня - 3 октября 2016 года. Им стал Ёсинори Осуми (Yoshinori Ohsumi) специалист по биологии клетки из Технологического университета Токио, который удостоен награды « за открытие механизмов аутофагии».
Первый лауреат Нобелевской премии 2016 года назван.
Пресс-релиз Нобелевского комитета гласит:
«Открытия Осуми привели к новой парадигме в нашем понимании того, как клетка перерабатывает свое содержимое. Его открытия открыли путь к пониманию фундаментальной важности аутофагии для множества физиологических процессов, таких как адаптация к голоду и ответ на инфекцию.
Аутофагия - это процесс утилизации и переработки ненужных частей клетки - разного накопившегося в ней «мусора». Термин, давший название процессу, образован из двух греческих, слов которые вместе переводятся как «самоедство». Или «самопоедание».
Механизм аутофагии.
То, что феномен вообще существует, ученые обнаружили еще в 60-х годах прошлого века. Но не смогли разобраться в тонкостях механизма. В 90-х годах это сделал Осуми. Проводя свои эксперименты, он выявил еще и гены, которые отвечают за аутофагию. И вот почти через четверть века награда нашла героя, который стал 39-м в истории ученым, удостоенным Нобелевской премии единолично.
Аутофагия присуща живым организмам, в том числе и нашим. Благодаря ей клетки избавляются от ненужных частей, а организм в целом - от ненужных клеток.
Природа предусмотрительно наделила клетки столь удивительной и полезной способностью - переваривать то, что «выглядит» лишним или вредным. Действуют они почти как мы. Только автоматически. Упаковывают «мусор» в специальные мешки - аутофагосомы. Далее перемещают в контейнеры - лизосомы. Где «всякая гадость» разрушается и перевариваются. Продукты переработки - эдакое «вторсырье» - идут на производство топлива для питания клетки. Из них изготавливаются и новые строительные блоки, используемые для обновления клетки.
Образование фагосомы.
Благодаря аутофагии клетка отчищается от попавшей в нее инфекции и от образовавшихся токсинов.
Аутофагия начинает работать наиболее интенсивно, когда организм испытывает стресс. Например, голодает. В этом случае клетка вырабатывает энергию за счет своих внутренних ресурсов - из всякого накопившегося мусора. И в том числе - из болезнетворных бактерий.
Открытые лауреата свидетельствует: голодать, а иной раз и поститься все-таки полезно - организм действительно очищается. Подтверждено Нобелевским комитетом.
Как уверяют коллеги Осуми, аутофагия предохраняет организм от преждевременной старости. Может быть, даже омолаживает за счет того, что создает новые клетки, выводит из организма дефектные белки и поврежденные внутриклеточные элементы, поддерживая его в исправном состоянии.
Слияние фагосомы и лизосомы.
А нарушения в процессах аутофагии приводят к болезни Паркинсона, диабету и даже к раку. Понимая это, медики создают уже новые лекарства, способные исправить нарушения и, стало быть, вылечить.
Однако... Похоже, что в целях профилактики стоит иной раз поголодать, вгоняя организм в оздоровительный, как теперь выясняется, стресс.
Ёсинори Осуми родился в 1945 году. Свою премию в размере 8 миллионов шведских крон - это чуть больше 950 тысяч долларов США - он получит вместе с другими учеными-лауреатами в Стокгольме 10 декабря.
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Тема
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Туршия с естествена ферментация
[re: Mod vege]
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| Автор |
Mod vege (старо куче) |
| Публикувано | 08.10.16 02:19 |
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Публикувано На 16 November 2015 | By Antonia Karova
Ферментиралите храни имат много дълга история и винаги са били високо ценени, заради ползите, които оказват върху здравето.
При процесът на ферментация се зараждат микроорганизми, които са изключително важни за хората, тъй като те помагат за баланса в чревната флора и по този начин за подсилването на имунната система. Ферментиралите храни също са сред най-добрите за детоксикация, тъй като те помагат на тялото да се освободи от различните токсини, включително тежките метали. Всяка ферментирала храна, имунизира червата ни с голямо разнообразие от различни микроорганизми.
Необходими продукти
смесени зеленчуци според вкусът ви: моркови, карфиол, зеле, целина,
зелени домати, зелени или червени чушки, гулия, чесън и т.н.
1 супена лъжица с връх едра сол за всеки литър вода (около 30 гр, аз го правя на вкус)
дафинови листа, черен пипер и др. на вкус
Инструкции за приготвяне
Измийте и нарежете зеленчуците на едро, поставете ги в стъклени буркани, добавете на вкус чесън и билки (дафинови листа, черен пипер и т.н.). Освен за допълване на вкуса, ще помогне и за млечнокиселата ферментация, а и ще се избегне образуването на мухъл и нежелани бактерии, които могат да съсипят крайния продукт.
Разтворете около 30 г морска сол на литър вода и оставете да заври, охладете и изсипете върху зеленчуците до покриването им. Затворете но не-херметично. Оставете зеленчуците на проветриво място , без прекалено много слънце за около 10 дни (аз ги държа на терасата), като в първите 4 дни буркана се обръща най-малко веднъж на ден, докато тръгне ферментацията, или - още по-добре - изсипете течността в контейнер и я върнете обратно в буркана за да се напълни с кислород. Сега вече туршията ви е готова! Тя може да се съхранява в хладилник или в помещение с по-ниска температура.
Има вариант, вместо солен разтвор да се използва сок от целина, но тогава консумацията, трябва да е доста по-бърза.
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Тема
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 Simulation Hypothesis-Reality Computer Simulation?
[re: Mod vege]
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| Автор |
Mod vege (старо куче) |
| Публикувано | 10.10.16 04:33 |
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AUTHOR: Dom Galeon, EDITOR: Kristin Houser, September 19, 2016
IN BRIEF
As technology improves, the possibility that our world may be a simulated one is becoming more and more probable, argues Universe Today founder Fraser Cain. But can we ever prove that we live in a simulation of a reality?
RED PILL OR BLUE?
IN BRIEF
As technology improves, the possibility that our world may be a simulated one is becoming more and more probable, argues Universe Today founder Fraser Cain. But can we ever prove that we live in a simulation of a reality?
RED PILL OR BLUE?
All the world’s a stage. Or is it a simulation?
The idea that what we consider reality is actually a simulation was first proposed by , and it is frequently addressed in fiction (e.g., “The Matrix” trilogy) and by innovators and educators such as Elon Musk, who brought up the topic at the .
Those who believe that we live in a simulation often cite Bostrom’s argument regarding what he calls ancestor simulations. “One thing that later generations might do with their super-powerful computers is run detailed simulations of their forebears or of people like their forebears,” write Bostrom. “Because their computers would be so powerful, they could run a great many such simulations.”
That prediction is becoming more and more a possible reality. Today’s computers are powerful enough to simulate things that we never witnessed, such as the Big Bang or the creation of the planets. Currently, scientific simulations seem to be better, though, with large-scale situations.
But will we ever know for sure if we live in a simulation?
CRACKING THE CODE
According to Fraser Cain from , there is one way to find out, and that is to detect tricks that the simulation uses to approximate a reality that it can never copy exactly. A computer in a simulation will not have the same processing power as the computer that’s running the simulation, , so there will be inconsistencies or tell-tale signs, perhaps glitches, that reveal the underlying grid on which our world or universe runs.
, for example, believe that we can detect the resolution that our simulated world is running on by observing the energy limitations of ultra-high cosmic rays in the universe.
At this point, Cain argues, we can’t really tell, sort of like with the Kantian phenomenon/noumenon dichotomy. We’ll just have to “live our lives as if we’re real, until better evidence comes along, or our simulations get so good, their inhabitants start questioning their own existence,” says Cain.
Or maybe until someone offers you the red pill. If they did, would you take it?
Youtube:
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Тема
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Here's How Quantum Computing Will Change The World
[re: Mod vege]
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Mod vege (старо куче) |
| Публикувано | 10.10.16 21:56 |
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OCT 2, 2016;
There is a D-Wave 1,000 qubit processor. A 2000 qubit version will be available in 2017.
When the world’s first digital computer was completed in 1946 it opened up new vast new worlds of possibility. Still, early computers were only used for limited applications because they could only be programmed in machine code. It took so long to set up problems that they were only practical for massive calculations.
That all changed when created the first programming language, , at IBM in 1957. For the first time, real world problems could be quickly and efficiently transformed into machine language, which made them far more practical and useful. In the 1960’s, the market for computers soared.
Like the first digital computers, than current systems, but the key to its success will be translating real world problems into quantum language. At , the first company to offer the technology for commercial use, that process is already underway and it is revealing massive potential.
Swallowing Complexity Whole
One of the toughest problems in mathematics is known as the , which asks to find the shortest route between a list of cities. It sounds fairly simple and, in some sense it is, but in terms of computation it is enormous. Traditionally, engineers have used shortcuts, such as the or to solve it.
The traveling salesperson problem is also pervasive. Practically anytime you want to make a complex process more efficient, you need to do this kind of . Logistics businesses need to solve a version of it every time they plan a route. Semiconductor manufacturers encounter similar issues when they design and manufacture chips.
D-Wave has on the related problem of designing portfolios. In order to generate the maximum returns for a given risk profile, a fund manager needs to not only choose among the thousands of available securities, but also minimize transaction costs by achieving the most optimal portfolio in the minimum number of trades.
In each case, D-Wave’s quantum systems allow us to swallow complexity whole, rather than using shortcuts that reduce efficiency. Jeremy Hilton, Senior Vice President, Systems, at D-Wave says “Complex processes are all around us. By using quantum computing to operate them more effectively, we can make just about everything we do run more smoothly.”
Enabling A New Era Of Medical Science
When the was completed in 2003, it ushered in a new era of medicine. Rather than treat every patient the same way, it showed that we could design treatments to suit a particular genetic makeup. This has been especially effective in .
While these are major advances, our newfound knowledge has also revealed our limitations. Unlocking the secrets of DNA exposed how little we know about the proteins it codes for, just as early successes with targeted therapies have shown us how much more we can achieve by working with complete genomes rather than just isolated markers in our chromosomes.
Unfortunately, conventional computers aren’t powerful enough to perform these tasks well, but early indications are that quantum computers can close the gap. Scientists at Harvard that quantum computers will allow us to map proteins much as we do genes today. D-Wave has also formed a to use its quantum computers to explore how to analyze entire genomes to create more effective therapies.
Mapping the human genome was a triumph of technology as much as it was an achievement in biology. It was, essentially, more powerful computers that allowed us to map human DNA . However, if we are to advance further, quantum systems will likely be a big part of the answer.
It’s Not Nice To Call Your Mother An Idiot
Take a look on the Internet and you can find of autocorrect mangling phrases, like changing “I don’t” to “idiot” in a text to your mom. These are embarrassing mistakes, but they usually don’t cause too much trouble. However, in other applications, like picking a terrorist out of a crowd through facial recognition, the stakes are far higher.
These problems arise because of how machine learning algorithms are designed and trained. Like our brains, they process different aspects of an experience, such as colors and shapes and integrate them into larger concepts, such as a human face, a type of hairstyle or the signature style of a popular designer.
However, in order for this process to work well, the more elemental aspects need to be correctly identified or they will pass on bad information to the higher levels of the system. Because of the limited capacity of conventional computers, data is lost in the training process and things are not recognized correctly, resulting in insults to your mom and terrorists misidentified.
Here again, quantum computing can help close the gap. D-Wave is working with a number of partners, , to help train artificial intelligence systems to reflect human thought processes far more completely than is possible with conventional computers, which will help to minimize mistakes.
D-Wave’s Hilton told me that quantum computers will make it possible for our technology to develop something akin to intuition, allowing them to know that something is wrong even if they can’t point to exactly why.
Augmenting Human Intelligence
In 1968, just a decade after John Backus introduced FORTRAN, presented the results of his project to “augment human intellect” and it turned out to be so consequential that it is now called . Until that point computers were, much like quantum technology today, merely computational devices that few people ever saw.
Yet Engelbart showed that they could be much more. Using something he called a “mouse” and a keyboard, he showed how just about anyone could navigate around a screen and operate a computer. Later, Xerox developed its based on Engelbart’s ideas, which formed the basis for Steve Jobs’ launch of the Macintosh in 1984.
Today, quantum computing is somewhere between the arrival of FORTRAN and Engelbart’s “Mother of all Demos.” Highly trained specialists are able to translate real world problems into language a quantum computer can understand, but for most people the technology is out of reach. That will change in the years to come.
I’m not implying that we will all have quantum computers in our homes, but we will likely be able to access them in the cloud and they will help us solve problems that seem impossible today. D-Wave’s Hilton told me “the quantum computing revolution may be even more profound than the digital computing revolution a half century ago and it will happen much faster.”
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Тема
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Re: Simulation Hypothesis-Reality Computer Simulation?
[re: Mod vege]
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| Автор |
| (>[2] /dev/null) |
| Публикувано | 11.10.16 02:48 |
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Bulshit. Симулацията може да е толкова добра, че да не можем да я установим.
Отделно, какво значение има дали живеем в симулация или не?
The last good thing written in C was Franz Schubert's Symphony No. 9.
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Тема
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Massive Disruption Is Coming With Quantum Computin
[re: Mod vege]
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| Автор |
Mod vege (старо куче) |
| Публикувано | 11.10.16 08:07 |
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BY OCT 10, 2016|
Next year, we may see the launch of the first true quantum computers.
The implications will be staggering.
This post aims to answer three questions:
1. What are quantum computers?
2. What are their implications?
3. Who’s working on them?
There’s a lot to unpack here, so hang tight, and let’s jump in!
What Is Quantum Computing?
Moore’s Law (or the exponential growth of integrated circuits) is actually referring to the . Here’s the list of the underlying technologies: (1) Electromechanical; (2) Vacuum Tube; (3) Relay; (4) Transistors; and (5) Integrated Circuits.
Quantum computers may well be the sixth paradigm, given that they work in a fashion that is entirely different from “classical” computers.
A classical computer performs operations using classical “bits” — these “bits” can be in only one of two states: “0” or “1.”
In contrast, a quantum computer uses "quantum bits," or "qubits." Thanks to a principle called quantum superposition, these qubits can have a value of “0”, “1,” or both “0 AND 1” at the same time.
This capability allows quantum computers to solve certain types of complex problems that are intractable for conventional computers. Frankly, really exciting problems for society today, as you’ll see below.
For a tutorial on quantum computers, check out this short video:
Youtube:
The power of qubits is that they scale exponentially. A two-qubit machine allows you to do four calculations at once. A three-qubit machine can do eight calculations. A four-qubit machine gives you 16 calculations, all simultaneously.
By the time you get to 300 qubits, you’ve got a computer that can do more “calculations” than there are atoms in the universe.
That’s why the blog TechTarget : “Development of a quantum computer, if practical, would mark a leap forward in computing capability far greater than that from the abacus to a modern day supercomputer, with performance gains in the billion-fold realm and beyond.”
What Are the Implications of Quantum Computing?
The implications of true quantum computing at scale are staggering, of extraordinary impact to society today (which is why I’m tracking it).
In my opinion, here are the top five applications:
1. Machine Learning: Much of machine learning is about “pattern recognition.” Algorithms crunch large datasets to find signals in the noise, and the goal is to maximize the number of comparisons you make between data to find the best models to describe that data. With quantum computing, we’ll be able to do this processing orders of magnitude more effectively than with classical computing. Quantum computing will allow you to compare much, much more data in parallel, simultaneously, and all permutations of that data, to discover the best patterns that describe it. This will lead to fundamentally more powerful forms of AI much more quickly than we expect. Expect quantum computing to cause a positive inflection point (upward) for the speed at which the world develops AI (which, by the way, is why Google is working so hard on it).
2. Medicine: Quantum computing will also allow us to model complex molecular interactions at an atomic level. This will be particularly important for medical research and drug discovery. Soon, we’ll be able to model all 20,000+ proteins encoded in the human genome and start to simulate their interactions with models of existing drugs or new drugs that haven’t been invented yet. Based on the analysis of these drug interactions, we’ll be able to find cures for previously incurable diseases and hopefully accelerate the time to market for new drugs. Using quantum computer simulations will be the way we design and choose our next generations of drugs and cancer cures.
3. Chemistry (and Climate Change): Worried about the climate crisis? Wondering what we can do about it? Quantum computers may be our newest tool to understand what is going on and to fight it. They will allow us to unlock “simulation-driven” solutions, perhaps design new catalysts that actually capture carbon from the atmosphere and turn it into new and valuable products at low cost and energy use.
4. Material Science & Engineering: Because we can simulate atomic interactions, we’ll explore and invent entirely new, better materials. We might find better superconductors, better magnets, materials that will allow us to create much higher energy density batteries, and so on. Since 2011, the U.S. federal government has granted over $250 million to the Materials Genome Initiative in an effort to “discover, manufacture, and deploy advanced materials twice as fast, at a fraction of the cost.”
5. Biomimetics, Energy Systems & Photovoltaics: Scientists believe that much of the world is built atop quantum systems. Processes like photosynthesis, for example, are likely dependent on quantum mechanical systems. Thus, as we look to the natural world for inspiration to build better energy systems or stronger materials, we’ll only fully realize their potential when we can model these processes with quantum computers. This will lead to many advances and discoveries across the board.
Bottom line: When quantum computing pans out, we’ll be able to control the very building blocks of the universe.
The question is who is going to figure it out first…
Who’s Working on Quantum Computing?
There’s a race going on — a race to prove something called “quantum supremacy.”
Quantum supremacy is essentially the test that validates that the computer you have is, in fact, a quantum computer.
In the U.S., three major players are in the game right now:
1. Google
2. IBM
3. Rigetti Computing, a startup out of Silicon Valley
(And perhaps a fourth — D-Wave Systems. They’ve developed chips with qubits, but these haven’t yet been conclusively proved to operate as a quantum computer.)
Both Rigetti Computing and Google believe they will reach “quantum supremacy” in the next 12 to 18 months.
Think about that: the next one to two years…
The revolution is coming fast.
To put this into perspective, I had a chance to catch up with Chad Rigetti, the CEO of Rigetti Computing.
Below is a picture of the most powerful ‘classical’ computer on the planet, Tianhe-2 in Guangzhou, China.
Tianhe-2: The most powerful supercomputer on the planet.
It costs $400 million.
The computer burns about 20 megawatts of electricity — enough to power 20,000 households.
And it’s about half the size of a football field, with 3.2 million Intel cores.
President Obama, in the attempt to drive America’s return to high-performance computing supremacy, declared that the U.S. would build an exoscale computer, 30x more powerful than Tianhe-2, by 2020.
The problem is this: With current technology, it will cost a billion dollars and will require a nuclear power plant to run the supercomputer.
“We need to do this,” explains Chad Rigetti. “But there is another path. Quantum computing.”
Below is a picture of two developmental systems in Rigetti’s lab in Berkeley, CA.
Developmental quantum computing systems.
The big white cans about the size of a human are cooling systems, and inside each cooling system is a single quantum chip.
In these machines today, there is a five-qubit processor.
The crazy part: A single chip with about 50 to 60 qubits on it would be more powerful than the entire Tianhe-2, a half-a-football-field-sized machine…
This is what quantum computing unlocks.
Rigetti is rapidly developing quantum integrated circuits and the software platform that will allow developers to build on top of them.
Along with efforts at Google, IBM, D-Wave, and many other companies and research labs around the world, we are rapidly approaching a quantum computing revolution.
Get ready.
___
Peter Diamandis
Dr. Peter Diamandis was recently named by Fortune Magazine as one of the World’s 50 Greatest Leaders.
He is the founder and executive chairman of the XPRIZE Foundation which leads the world in designing and operating large-scale incentive competitions.
He is also the co-founder and executive chairman of Singularity University, a graduate-level Silicon Valley institution that counsels the world’s leaders on exponentially growing technologies.
Diamandis is also the co-founder and vice-chairman of Human Longevity Inc. (HLI), a genomics and cell therapy-based company focused on extending the healthy human lifespan.
In the field of commercial space, Diamandis is co-founder and co-chairman of Planetary Resources, a company designing spacecraft to enable the detection and prospecting of asteroids for fuels and precious materials.He is the also co-founder of Space Adventures and Zero Gravity Corporation.
Diamandis is a New York Times bestselling author of two books: Abundance – The Future Is Better Than You Think and BOLD – How to Go Big, Create Wealth and Impact the World.
He earned degrees in Molecular Genetics and Aerospace Engineering from MIT, and holds an M.D. from Harvard Medical School.
His motto is, “The best way to predict the future is to create it yourself.”
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Тема
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Re: Simulation Hypothesis-Reality Computer Simulation?
[re: |]
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| Автор |
Mod vege (старо куче) |
| Публикувано | 11.10.16 08:21 |
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Може да има изключения - като Нео от "Матрицата" (макар че всъщност се оказа във филма, че агент Смит е избраният, ако внимателно се гледа). Твоето мнение (за качеството на симулацията) е също така хипотеза, както и изказаното е хипотеза в статията от
А дали има значение дали физическият свят е симулация.. предполагам че повечето самоуважаващи се философи, занимаващи се с екзистенциалния въпрос, биха отговорили положително. Поне би било ентусиазиращо да се знае това.
Разбира се, има хора които не се интересуват от философски въпроси, на тях им е достатъчен реалният живот. Само че ако реалността не е това което е ...
Редактирано от Mod vege на 11.10.16 08:25.
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Тема
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Re: Simulation Hypothesis-Reality Computer Simulation?
[re: Mod vege]
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| Автор |
| (>[2] /dev/null) |
| Публикувано | 11.10.16 17:31 |
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Абсолютно малоумно е да даваш примери от филми. Ако ще използваш фантазии, вземи прочети нещо свястно, като творбите на Станислав Лем.
Няма абсолютно никакво значение дали т.нар. физически свят е симулация или не. За нас той е реален.
Между другото, доста отдавна има хипотези, че пространството и времето са дискретни, а не "гладки". И това може да е вярно независимо дали живеем в симулация или не.
The last good thing written in C was Franz Schubert's Symphony No. 9.
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Тема
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 Google says the Plant-Based Revolution is coming !
[re: Mod vege]
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| Автор |
Mod vege (старо куче) |
| Публикувано | 13.10.16 06:27 |
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Eric Schmidt, Executive Chairman of Google’s parent company Alphabet, confirmed the plant-based revolution is coming.
Replacing livestock with growing and harvesting plants will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fight climate change, he stated. The meat industry, particularly cattle producers, emit significant greenhouse gases.
He named the number one “game-changing” trend of the future as the consumption of plant-based proteins instead of meat.
At the Milken Institute’s Global Conference in Los Angles Schmidt spoke to a room packed with thousands of investors and business executives.
The replacement of meat with plant proteins would also lower the cost of foods in developing countries where food is sometimes scarce. Delivering a pound of meat to the grocery store (raising, slaughtering, and shipping) is a very inefficient and costly process relative to delivering a pound of many protein-based plants. In short, our growing population can be fed more efficiently and less expensively on plant-based proteins.
Schmidt said the world is now ready to better produce synthetic food from plants with the help of computers and data crunching. Technology is able to help researchers and scientists identify the best plant combinations for both palatability and enhanced nutrition.
Google attempted to purchase the plant-protein based startup Impossible Foods for $300 million in July 2015, but the offer was rejected. Impossible Foods are working on producing a meatless burger that is indistinguishable from a meat patty. Their stated mission is to "give people the great taste and nutritional benefits of foods that come from animals without the negative health and environmental impact".
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