With the Treaty of Gruber-De Gasperi (1946) the German-speaking people were granted special rights. But the statutory order was implemented by De Gasperi for the whole region (South Tyrol and Trentino), where Italians were in the majority, making real self-government for the German-speaking South Tyroleans impossible. Even the implementation of this "First statutory order" was delayed repeatedly, while more and more Italians were encouraged to relocate to South Tyrol, with the aim of creating an Italian majority.

As a consequence of delaying implementation of the statutory order, the late 1950s and especially 1960s saw the rise of anti-Italian Insurgency in South Tyrol. At the beginning the insurgents' strategy was targeted only against structures.

The 1960s brought some progress towards the establishment of self-government for the South Tyroleans. In consequence, only the most fanatical of the insurgents wanted to continue their fight for an Austrian South Tyrol by violent means. Insurgents carried out 361 attacks with explosives, guns and landmines between 1956 and 1988. Acts were mainly against structures; however, there were 21 deaths as a result of the attacks, four of which were insurgents, slain by their own explosive devices. The wounded amounted to 57.

Eventually, the pressure of insurgency caused the Italian central government to consider a "Second statutory order", primarily for South Tyrol.

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Редактирано от koмитa на 01.07.06 10:57.