Canadian support made possible the transfer of expertise from the wartime Allies to the continent of Europe and later to Asia. In the years 1946 and 1947
expertise, and even entire penicillin plants, were provided to several nations. Five countries, each torn by the Cold War, were helped in this way. Italy with its
large communist party, two, then, Soviet Republics (Belarus and Ukraine), and Poland and Czechoslovakia (both now to become part of the Soviet sphere of influence)
acquired factories and advice ... Each plant cost approximately a quarter of a million dollars.