Терро́р (лат. terror «страх, ужас») — устрашение политических противников путём физического насилия[1]. Террором также называется угроза физической расправы по политическим или каким-либо иным мотивам либо запугивание с угрозой расправы или убийства[1][2].
Синонимами слова «террор» являются слова «запугивание», «устрашение»[
Виды террора
Разновидностями террора[1] являются ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕРРОР (НАПРИМЕР, ВНУТРИСЕМЕЙНЫЙ), публичный террор (например террористические акты).
ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕРРОР
(…)
В XXI веке индивидуальный террор продолжает широко использоваться разными государствами и отдельными группами лиц для достижения своих целей.
Государственный террор — (…)
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ террор[4] — устрашение или уничтожение политических противников путём ЧАСТИЧНОГО ИЛИ ПОЛНОГО ЛИШЕНИЯ СРЕДСТВ К СУЩЕСТВОВАНИЮ (например, ОГОРАЖИВАНИЕ, искусственный голод в Ирландии, ликвидация кулачества как класса).

Terror (from French terreur, from Latin terror "great fear", terrere "to frighten"[1][2]) is a policy of POLITICAL REPRESSION and violence intended to subdue political opposition. The term was first used for the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution.[3][2]
Before the late twentieth century, the term "terrorism" in the English language was often used interchangeably with "terror." Some contemporary writers[who?] use the term terrorism to refer to acts by groups with a limited political base or parties on the weaker side in asymmetric warfare and terror to refer to acts by governments and law enforcement officials, usually within the legal framework of the state. Others[who?] consider state terror to be a specific type of terrorism.
Terror and terrorism
David Forte states that the primary difference between terror and terrorism is that while terror can be neutrally evil (i.e., random violence committed by robbers, rapists, and even military personnel), terrorism has the additional political or moral dimension, being the SYSTEMATIZED USE OF RANDOMLY FOCUSED VIOLENCE by organized groups against non-combatants to effect a political objective.[6]
However, Charles Tilly defines "terror" as a political strategy defined as "asymmetrical deployment of threats and violence against enemies using means that fall outside the forms of political struggle routinely operating within some current regime," and therefore ranges from:[7]
1. intermittent actions by members of groups that are engaged in wider political struggles to
2. one segment in the modus operandi of durably organized specialists in coercion, including government-employed and government-backed specialists in coercion to
3. the dominant rationale for distinct, committed groups and networks of activists.
According to Tilly, the term "terror" spans a wide range of human cruelties, from Stalin's use of executions to clandestine attacks by groups like the Basque separatists and the IRA and even ethnic cleansing and genocide.[8]
See also
• Demoralization (warfare)
• Shock and awe

См. также
• Эпоха террора (Французская революция)
• Белый террор (Россия)
• Красный террор (Россия)
• Большой террор
• Терроризм
• Сталкинг

BY ME ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕРРОР THIS IS
/…/
В книге «Психиатрия. Национальное руководство» (под редакцией Дмитриевой Т. Б., Краснова В. Н. и др., 2011) указывается:
Злоупотребления психиатрией замечены во многих странах, культурных регионах, политических системах. «ЗЛОУПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ПСИХИАТРИЕЙ — ЕСТЬ УМЫШЛЕННОЕ ПРИЧИНЕНИЕ МОРАЛЬНОГО, ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ИЛИ ИНОГО УЩЕРБА ЛИЦУ ПУТЁМ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ К НЕМУ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ МЕР, НЕ ЯВЛЯЮЩИХСЯ ПОКАЗАННЫМИ И НЕОБХОДИМЫМИ, либо путём неприменения медицинских мер, являющихся показанными и необходимыми, исходя из состояния его психического здоровья» (Тихоненко В. А., 1990)[3].

Как отмечает психиатр, президент Ассоциации психиатров Украины, бывший диссидент и политзаключённый С. Глузман, ЗЛОУПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕМ ПСИХИАТРИЕЙ, В ТОМ ЧИСЛЕ И В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ЦЕЛЯХ, ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ, В ЧАСТНОСТИ, УМЫШЛЕННАЯ ЭКСКУЛЬПАЦИЯ[4] ГРАЖДАН, ПО СВОЕМУ ПСИХИЧЕСКОМУ СОСТОЯНИЮ НЕ НУЖДАЮЩИХСЯ НИ В ПСИХИАТРИЧЕСКИХ МЕРАХ СТЕСНЕНИЯ, НИ В ПСИХИАТРИЧЕСКОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ[5].

В среде правозащитников был распространён термин «КАРАТЕЛЬНАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ»[6].
/…/
Российский правозащитник Александр Подрабинек в книге «КАРАТЕЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА» пишет, что «…КАРАТЕЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА — ОРУДИЕ БОРЬБЫ С ИНАКОМЫСЛЯЩИМИ, КОТОРЫХ НЕВОЗМОЖНО РЕПРЕССИРОВАТЬ НА ОСНОВАНИИ ЗАКОНА ЗА ТО, ЧТО ОНИ МЫСЛЯТ ИНАЧЕ, ЧЕМ ЭТО ПРЕДПИСАНО»[8]

Political abuse of psychiatry, also commonly referred to as PUNITIVE PSYCHIATRY, is the misuse of psychiatry, including DIAGNOSIS, DETENTION, AND TREATMENT, for the purposes of OBSTRUCTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS and/or groups in a society.[1][2]:491 In other words, abuse of psychiatry (including that for political purposes) is the deliberate action of having citizens psychiatrically diagnosed who need neither psychiatric restraint nor psychiatric treatment.[3]

By country
WHY BULGARIA ISN’T INCLUDED AT THIS LIST?

ПОЧТИ ГОДИНА ОТ ЖИВОТА МИ Е ОТНЕТА ОТ ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛИТЕ НА СУГЕСТОПЕДАГОГА, ДЪНОВИСТА, ългарски учен, психиатър, невролог, психолог и педагог, създател на сугестологията, сугестопедията и интегралната психотерапия, известен и като изследовател на Ванга.НАБЛЮДАВАЛ ВАНГА. ДИРЕКТОР НА МООЯТА "ЩАБККВАРТИРА" ЗА ПИСАНЕ НА ДНЕВНИЦИ И НА ТВОРЧЕСКИЯ МИ ПРОЕКТ.



BY ME ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕРРОР THIS IS
ТРАВЛЯ (бу́ллинг — АНГЛ. BULLYING) — АГРЕССИВНОЕ ПРЕСЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОДНОГО ИЗ ЧЛЕНОВ КОЛЛЕКТИВА (особенно коллектива школьников и студентов, но также и коллег) со стороны другого, но также часто группы лиц, не обязательно из одного формального или признаваемого другими коллектива. ТРАВЛЮ ОРГАНИЗУЕТ ОДИН (ЛИДЕР), ИНОГДА С СООБЩНИКАМИ, А БОЛЬШИНСТВО ОСТАЮТСЯ СВИДЕТЕЛЯМИ. ПРИ ТРАВЛЕ ЖЕРТВА ОКАЗЫВАЕТСЯ НЕ В СОСТОЯНИИ ЗАЩИТИТЬ СЕБЯ ОТ НАПАДОК, ТАКИМ ОБРАЗОМ, ТРАВЛЯ ОТЛИЧАЕТСЯ ОТ КОНФЛИКТА, ГДЕ СИЛЫ СТОРОН ПРИМЕРНО РАВНЫ. ТРАВЛЯ МОЖЕТ БЫТЬ И В ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ, И В ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФОРМЕ. ПРОЯВЛЯЕТСЯ ВО ВСЕХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ГРУППАХ. В СЛОЖНЫХ СЛУЧАЯХ МОЖЕТ ПРИНЯТЬ НЕКОТОРЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ ГРУППОВОЙ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ.

В качестве особой формы травли выделяют групповую травлю («травля толпы»), большинством или всеми членами коллектива (микросообщества), часто начальником, работодателем (жарг. «моббинг»).

Как проявления травли специалисты расценивают ОСКОРБЛЕНИЯ, УГРОЗЫ, ФИЗИЧЕСКУЮ АГРЕССИЮ, ПОСТОЯННУЮ НЕГАТИВНУЮ ОЦЕНКУ ЖЕРТВЫ И ЕЁ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ, ОТКАЗ В ДОВЕРИИ И ДЕЛЕГИРОВАНИИ ПОЛНОМОЧИЙ И ТАК ДАЛЕЕ.


Тормоз в правото, социалните науки и психологията е УМИШЛЕНО ПРИЧИНЯВАНЕ НА СИЛНА ФИЗИЧЕСКА И/ИЛИ ПСИХИЧЕСКА БОЛКА НА НЯКОГО ЧРЕЗ ПОВТАРЯЕМИ ДЕЙСТВИЯ ОТ СТРАНА НА НЯКОЙ ДРУГ, КОЙТО Е ФИЗИЧЕСКИ, СОЦИАЛНО, ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИ ИЛИ ПО ДРУГ НАЧИН ПО-СИЛЕН ИЛИ НАДПОСТАВЕН, И КОЙТО ПО ТОЗИ НАЧИН ЗЛОУПОТРЕБЯВА СЪС СВОЯТА ПОЗИЦИЯ [1].


ТОРМОЗЕНИЯТ МОЖЕ ДА ПОЛУЧИ ВРЕМЕННИ ИЛИ ТРАЙНИ ТРАВМИ, ФИЗИЧЕСКИ, ЕМОЦИОНАЛНИ И/ИЛИ ПСИХИЧЕСКИ ВСЛЕДСТВИЕ НА ТОРМОЗА. ОСНОВНОТО, КОЕТО Е ХАРАКТЕРНО ЗА ТОРМОЗА Е, ЧЕ ТОЙ ИМА ХАРАКТЕРА НА ПОВТАРЯЕМОСТ, ТОЕСТ ТОЙ НЕ СЕ ХАРАКТЕРИЗИРА ОТ ЕДИНИЧНИ ИЛИ ИЗОЛИРАНИ ДЕЙСТВИЯ. ДОРИ И КОГАТО СЕ КАСАЕ ЗА ЕДИНИЧЕН СЛУЧАЙ, ХАРАКТЕРНОТО ЗА ТОРМОЗА Е ЧЕ ТОЙ Е СЪВКУПНОСТ ОТ МНОЖЕСТВО ДЕЙСТВИЯ, ПРЕДСТАВЛЯВАЩИ ЗАПЛАХА, ПРИЧИНЯВАЩИ УПЛАХ, СТРАДАНИЕ И Т.Н.

Психически тормоз

ПСИХИЧЕСКИ ТОРМОЗ ПРЕДСТАВЛЯВА ТОРМОЗ, КОЙТО ИМА ДЕЙСТВИЕ ВЪРХУ ПСИХИКАТА, БЕЗ ДА ПРИТЕЖАВА ЧЕРТИТЕ НА ЧИСТО ФИЗИЧЕСКИЯ ТОРМОЗ. Този вид тормоз не превежда изцяло английския термин за този вид поведение, отношения и т.н. bullying, който е многообхватен и за разлика от английското понятие, третиране на този вид поведение и т.н. българският термин е по-рядко употребим, по-рядко обект на изследвания и т.н., в действителност bullying може да обхваща и сексуалния тормоз, например, както и някои не чак толкова силно и крайно травмиращи действия, но представлява ПОВТАРЯЕМО УНИЗИТЕЛНО ОТНОШЕНИЕ на някой към някой друг, това може да включва и физически действия, които например унизяват, без да причиняват реално каквато и да е било физическа болка или травма, но имат смисъла на УНИЗЯВАЩО ОТНОШЕНИЕ И ПОСТАВЯНЕ В УНИЗИТЕЛНА ПОЗИЦИЯ С ПОВТАРЯЕМ ХАРАКТЕР.

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Bullying is the use of force, coercion, or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) of AN IMBALANCE OF PHYSICAL OR SOCIAL POWER. This imbalance distinguishes bullying from conflict.[1] Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by the following three minimum criteria: (1) hostile intent, (2) imbalance of power, and (3) repetition over a period of time.[2] BULLYING IS THE ACTIVITY OF REPEATED, AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR INTENDED TO HURT ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL, PHYSICALLY, MENTALLY, OR EMOTIONALLY.
Bullying ranges from one-on-one, INDIVIDUAL BULLYING through to group bullying, called mobbing, in which the bully may have one or more "lieutenants" who are willing to assist the primary bully in their bullying activities. Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as "peer abuse".[3] Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism. The Swedish-Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is "exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons",[4] and that NEGATIVE ACTIONS OCCUR "WHEN A PERSON INTENTIONALLY INFLICTS INJURY OR DISCOMFORT UPON ANOTHER PERSON, THROUGH PHYSICAL CONTACT, THROUGH WORDS OR IN OTHER WAYS".[4] INDIVIDUAL BULLYING IS USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY A PERSON BEHAVING IN A CERTAIN WAY TO GAIN POWER OVER ANOTHER PERSON.[5]
A bullying culture can develop in any context in which humans interact with each other. This may include school, FAMILY, THE WORKPLACE,[6] THE HOME, AND NEIGHBORHOODS. The main platform for bullying in contemporary culture is on social media websites.[7] In a 2012 study of male adolescent American football players, "the strongest predictor [of bullying] was the perception of whether the most influential male in a player's life would approve of the bullying behavior."[8]
Bullying may be defined in many different ways. In the United Kingdom, there is no legal definition of bullying,[9] while some states in the United States have laws against it.[10] Bullying is divided into four basic types of abuse – PSYCHOLOGICAL (SOMETIMES CALLED EMOTIONAL OR RELATIONAL), VERBAL, PHYSICAL, AND CYBER.[11]

Behaviors used to assert such domination may include physical assault or coercion, verbal harassment, or threat, and such acts may be directed repeatedly toward particular targets. Rationalizations of such behavior sometimes include differences of social class, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, appearance, behavior, body language, personality, reputation, lineage, strength, size, or ability.[12][13][14] IF BULLYING IS DONE BY A GROUP, IT IS CALLED MOBBING.[15]

Contents
Etymology
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Types
Bullying has been classified by the body of literature into different types. These can be in the form of nonverbal, verbal, or physical behavior. Another classification is based on perpetrators or the participants involved, so that the types include individual and collective bullying. Other interpretation also cite emotional and relational bullying in addition to physical harm inflicted towards another person or even property.[18] There is also the case of the more recent phenomenon called CYBERBULLYING.
Physical, verbal, and relational bullying are most prevalent in primary school and could also begin much earlier while continuing into later stages in individuals lives.
INDIVIDUAL
Individual bullying tactics are perpetrated by A SINGLE PERSON AGAINST A TARGET OR TARGETS.[19] Individual bullying can be classified into four types outlined below:[20]
PHYSICAL


Physical bullying is ANY BULLYING THAT HURTS SOMEONE'S BODY OR DAMAGES THEIR POSSESSIONS. STEALING, SHOVING, HITTING, FIGHTING, AND INTENTIONALLY DESTROYING SOMEONE'S PROPERTY ARE TYPES OF PHYSICAL BULLYING. Physical bullying is rarely the first form of bullying that a target will experience. Often bullying will begin in a different form and later progress to physical violence. In physical bullying the main weapon the bully uses is his/her body, or some part thereof, when attacking his/her target. Sometimes groups of young adults will target and alienate a peer because of some adolescent prejudice. This can quickly lead to a situation where they are being taunted, tortured, and "beaten up" by their classmates. Physical bullying will often escalate over time, and can lead to a detrimental ending, and therefore many try to stop it quickly to prevent any further escalation.[21]

VERBAL
Verbal bullying is ONE OF THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF BULLYING. This is any bullying that is conducted by speaking or other use of the voice and does not involve any physical contact. Verbal bullying includes any of the following:
• DEROGATORY NAME-CALLING AND NICKNAMING
• SPREADING RUMORS OR LYING ABOUT SOMEONE
• THREATENING SOMEONE
• YELLING AT OR TALKING TO SOMEONE IN A RUDE OR UNKIND TONE OF VOICE, ESPECIALLY WITHOUT JUSTIFIABLE CAUSE
• MOCKING SOMEONE'S VOICE OR STYLE OF SPEAKING
• LAUGHING AT SOMEONE
• MAKING INSULTS OR OTHERWISE MAKING FUN OF SOMEONE
In verbal bullying, the main weapon the bully uses is voice. (…)
RELATIONAL

Relational bullying or sometimes referred to as social aggression is the type of bullying that uses relationships to hurt others. (…)
CYBERBULLYING

Cyberbullying is the USE OF TECHNOLOGY TO HARASS, THREATEN, EMBARRASS, OR TARGET ANOTHER PERSON. When an adult is involved, it may meet the definition of cyber-harassment or cyberstalking, a crime that can have legal consequences and involve jail time.[25] This includes BULLYING BY USE OF EMAIL, INSTANT MESSAGING, SOCIAL MEDIA WEBSITES (SUCH AS FACEBOOK), TEXT MESSAGES, AND CELL PHONES. It is stated that Cyberbullying is more common in secondary school than in primary school.[20]

COLLECTIVE

Collective bullying tactics are employed by MORE THAN ONE INDIVIDUAL AGAINST A TARGET OR TARGETS. COLLECTIVE BULLYING IS KNOWN AS MOBBING, and can include any of the individual types of bullying. Trolling behavior on social media, although generally assumed to be individual in nature by the casual reader, is sometime organized efforts by sponsored astroturfers.


MOBBING
Main article: Mobbing

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Mobbing refers to the bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighborhood, community, or online. When it occurs as emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumor, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, nonsexual, nonracial/racial, GENERAL HARASSMENT.[26]

Characteristics

Of bullies and accomplices

Studies have shown that envy and resentment may be motives for bullying.[27] Research on the self-esteem of bullies has produced equivocal results.[28][29] While some bullies are arrogant and narcissistic,[30] they can also use bullying as a tool to conceal shame or anxiety or to boost self-esteem: by demeaning others, the abuser feels empowered.[31] Bullies may bully out of jealousy or because they themselves are bullied.[32] Psychologist Roy Baumeister asserts that people who are prone to abusive behavior tend to have inflated but fragile egos. BECAUSE THEY THINK TOO HIGHLY OF THEMSELVES, THEY ARE FREQUENTLY OFFENDED BY THE CRITICISMS AND LACK OF DEFERENCE OF OTHER PEOPLE, AND REACT TO THIS DISRESPECT WITH VIOLENCE AND INSULTS.[33][full citation needed]

Researchers have identified other risk factors such as depression[34] and personality disorders,[35] as well as quickness to anger and use of force, addiction to aggressive behaviors, mistaking others' actions as hostile, concern with preserving self-image, and engaging in obsessive or rigid actions.[36] A combination of these factors may also be causes of this behavior.[37] In one study of youth, a combination of antisocial traits and depression was found to be the best predictor of youth violence, whereas video game violence and television violence exposure were not predictive of these behaviors.[38]

Bullying may also result from a genetic predisposition or a brain abnormality in the bully.[39] While parents can help a toddler develop emotional regulation and control to restrict aggressive behavior, some children fail to develop these skills due to insecure attachment with their families, ineffective discipline, and environmental factors such as a stressful home life and hostile siblings.[20]


Moreover, according to some researchers, bullies may be inclined toward negativity and perform poorly academically. Dr. Cook says, "A typical bully has trouble resolving problems with others and also has trouble academically. He or she usually has negative attitudes and beliefs about others, feels negatively toward himself/herself, comes from a family environment characterized by conflict and poor parenting, perceives school as negative and is negatively influenced by peers."[40]

Contrarily, some researchers have suggested that some bullies are psychologically strongest and have high social standing among their peers, while their targets are emotionally distressed and socially marginalized.[41]

Peer groups often promote the bully's actions, and members of these peer groups also engage in behaviors, such as mocking, excluding, punching, and insulting one another as a source of entertainment.[20] Other researchers also argued that a minority of the bullies, those who are not in-turn bullied, enjoy going to school, and are least likely to take days off sick.[42]

RESEARCH INDICATES THAT ADULTS WHO BULLY HAVE AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITIES, COMBINED WITH A STRONG NEED TO CONTROL OR DOMINATE.[43] IT HAS ALSO BEEN SUGGESTED THAT A PREJUDICIAL VIEW OF SUBORDINATES CAN BE A PARTICULARLY STRONG RISK FACTOR.[44]
Brain studies have shown that the section of the brain associated with reward becomes active when bullies are shown a video of someone inflecting pain on another.[45]

OF TYPICAL BYSTANDERS

Often, bullying takes place in the presence of a large group of relatively uninvolved bystanders. In many cases, it is the bully's ability to create the illusion they have the support of the majority present that instills the fear of "speaking out" in protestation of the bullying activities being observed by the group. Unless the "bully mentality" is effectively challenged in any given group in its early stages, it often becomes an accepted, or supported, norm within the group.[46][47]

Unless action is taken, a "culture of bullying" is often perpetuated within a group FOR MONTHS, YEARS, OR LONGER.[48]

Bystanders who have been able to establish their own "friendship group" or "support group" have been found to be far more likely to opt to speak out against bullying behavior than those who have not.[49][50]
In addition to communication of clear expectations that bystanders should intervene and increasing individual self-efficacy, there is growing research to suggest interventions should build on the foundation that bullying is morally wrong.[51]
AMONG ADULTS, BEING A BYSTANDER TO WORKPLACE BULLYING WAS LINKED TO DEPRESSION.[52]
OF VICTIMS
Dr. Cook says, "A typical victim is likely to be aggressive, lack social skills, think negative thoughts, experience difficulties in solving social problems, come from a negative family, school and community environments and be noticeably rejected and isolated by peers."[40] Victims often have characteristics such as being physically and mentally weak, as well as being easily distraught emotionally. They may also have physical characteristics that make them easier targets for bullies such as being overweight or having some type of physical deformity. Boys are more likely to be victims of physical bullying while girls are more likely to be bullied indirectly.[53]

ПРИЛИЧАМ ЛИ ВИ НА ЖЕРТВА? НЕЩО СТЕ СЕ ОБЪРКАЛИ, ГЕНЕРАЛНО.

The results of a meta-analysis conducted by Cook and published by the American Psychological Association in 2010 concluded the main risk factors for children and adolescents being bullied, and also for becoming bullies, are the lack of social problem-solving skills.[40]
Children who are bullied often show physical or emotional signs, such as: being afraid to attend school, complaining of headaches or a loss of appetite, a lack of interest in school activities and spending time with friends or family, and having an overall sense of sadness.

EFFECTS
ГЛАВНИЯТ ЕФЕКТ ПРИ МЕН Е, ЧЕ СИЛИТЕ МИ СЕ УМНОЖАВАТ МНОГОКРАТНО.

Mona O'Moore of the Anti-Bullying Centre at Trinity College in Dublin, has written, "There is a growing body of research which indicates that individuals, whether child or adult, who are persistently subjected to abusive behavior are at risk of stress related illness which can sometimes lead to suicide."[54] Those who have been the targets of bullying can suffer from long term emotional and behavioral problems. Bullying can cause loneliness, depression, anxiety, lead to low self-esteem and increased susceptibility to illness.[55] Bullying has also been shown to cause maladjustment in young children, and targets of bullying who were also bullies themselves exhibit even greater social difficulties.[56] A mental health report also found that bullying was linked to eating disorders, anxiety, body dysmorphia and other negative psychological effects.[57]
SUICIDE
Main articles: Bullying and suicide and List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying

ЕВТАНАЗИЯТА Е ВИД САМОУБИЙСТВО – И ТОВА СЕ ОБСЪЖДА ЧЕСТО, НИКОГА НЕ УЧАСТВАМ В ПОДОБНИ РАЗИСКВАНИЯ.

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Even though there is evidence that bullying increases the risk of suicide, bullying alone does not cause suicide. Depression is one of the main reasons why kids who are bullied die by suicide.[58] It is estimated that between 15 and 25 children die by suicide every year in the UK alone because they are being bullied.[59] Certain groups seem to incur a higher risk for suicide, such as Native Americans, Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans, and LGBT people. When someone feels unsupported by family or friends, it can make the situation much worse for the victim.[60]
"Евтаназия" ЕАД
Автор ABe (разсеян)

Публикувано 31.10.07 16:26


Понеже действащото зокоНЕдателство не позволява извършването на евтаназия, да основе някой търговско дружество за целта.

Болен си, нямаш шанс да оцелееш, чака те смърт в мъки и загубване на човешкия облик...

Сключваш предварителен договор. При настъпване на такива и такива обстоятелства, да се яви служител на фирмата и да те "приключи".

Да си отидеш с достойнство, а не да съсипеш бюджета на фамилията за 5 г. напред.

Защото нали много хора имат впечатани в мозъка забрани за самоубийство.

Малко ала Робърт Шекли ми се получи темата, но ... няма значение.

Трудните неща ги правя с лекота, невъзможните малко ме забавят.
Бъдете високи!

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POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Some have argued that bullying can teach life lessons and instill strength. Helene Guldberg, a child development academic, sparked controversy when she argued that being a target of bullying can teach a child "how to manage disputes and boost their ability to interact with others", and that teachers should not intervene but leave children to respond to the bullying themselves.[74]

БЛАГОДАРЯ, НЯМА НУЖДА! Учете си вие, майстори на мобинга и булинга, своите life HARD lessons

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DARK TRIAD
Main article: Dark triad
Research on the dark triad (NARCISSISM, MACHIAVELLIANISM, AND PSYCHOPATHY) indicate a correlation with bullying as part of evidence of the aversive nature of those traits.[77]
Projection

Main article: Psychological projection
A BULLY MAY PROJECT HIS/HER OWN FEELINGS OF VULNERABILITY ONTO THE TARGET(S) OF THE BULLYING ACTIVITY. Despite the fact that a bully's typically denigrating activities are aimed at the bully's targets, the true source of such negativity is ultimately almost always found in the bully's own sense of personal insecurity and/or vulnerability.[78] Such aggressive projections of displaced negative emotions can occur anywhere from the micro-level of interpersonal relationships, all the way up through to the macro-level of international politics, or even international armed conflict.[79]
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Main article: Bullying and emotional intelligence

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За темата на мръсница [re: izmislitca]
Автор * ()

Публикувано 11.03.04 08:55



Подписвам се под тези думи и с третия си регистриран ник.
Други никове нямам. Анонимно не пиша.
И никой да не ми е казал бръм къде да пиша, дали да пиша или да не пиша с тия три ника - ако написаното от мен е в рамките, за които не нося наказателна отговорност.
Сбогом, жено.
Разговорите ми с виртуални МРЪСНИЦИ бяха дотук.

ТАКА НАРЕЧЕНАТА БРЕЗИЧКА Е ИЗТРИЛА ВСИЧКО, ПИСАНО ОТ МЕН В КЛУБ ПРЕВОДАЧИ – В ПЕРИОДА, В КОЙТО С КРАЖБИ НА ЛИЧНИТЕ МИ ДОКУМЕНТИ БЯХ ЛИШЕНА ФАКТИЧЕСКИ ОТ ПРАВОТО СИ ДА УПРАЖНЯВАМ ПРОФЕСИЯТА.

НО ВСЕ ПАК НЯКОИ НЕЩА СА ОСТАНАЛИ:
сръбски [re: пpeвoдaчe]
Автор izmislitca (fable)

Публикувано 11.02.04 12:55



Според Устава (Конституцията) на Сърбия и Черна гора и кирилицата, и латиницата са равнопоставени.
Тук ще си позволя да отбележа, че в сръбската кирилица има няколко букви, които "липсват" в нашата кирилица. Ето защо или изпиши имената грамотно на сръбски на кирилица: например, Стоjанович е грешно изписано име, защото за "ч" си има друга буква, правилното е Стојановић, или пиши на латиница и нека бъде Stojanovic.
Така че по-малко главоболия ще имаш с латиницата. Освен това щом изписването е на латиница, значи най-вероятно книгата е издадена именно на тази азбука.
Редактирано от izmislitca на 11.02.04 13:43.

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Re: Въпрос към мод бивша Березка [re: Бepeзka!]
Автор smocker77 (булдозерЪ)
Публикувано 17.09.20 10:16



Моля и мен модераторът да ме извини.

Имам въпрос към госпожата - какво толкова си направих сама, че съм тотално заличена от клуб Преводачи, където е мястото за задаване на подобни въпроси?

Причината е, че правих справки на колеги само, и не задавах въпроси, издаващи моята некомпетентност като преводач?

Аналогично сепитам защо са заличени всички мои постинги в Руския клуб (освен един, една справка), хем съм гражданка на Руската федерация, за разлика от лица - вашата любимка nictea, отрекли се от тази държава в името на ЕС гражданство?

The White House included me in the list of the most distinguished fans of US President Donald Trump for my comments on his page. Comments in English.

Despite the fact that the Americans know about my citizenship. Declared citizenship of the Russian Federation.

Превод накратко: Дадоха ми Бадж американците като на най-активен и искрен почитател на действащия Президент на САЩ Доналд Тръмп, въпреки публикуваните в блога ми снимки на личните ми документи, веществени доказателства, че съм гражданка на РФ.

Вие в тези клубове, мадам, за по-големи от Белия дом ли се имате?
Нито един американец не ми направи забележка за английския, на който пиша в сайта им. Напротив, харесват написаното. Обикновените американци.

Редактирано от smocker77 на 17.09.20 10:29.

Bullying is abusive social interaction between peers which can include AGGRESSION, HARASSMENT, AND VIOLENCE. Bullying is typically repetitive and enacted by those who are in a position of power over the victim. A growing body of research illustrates a significant relationship between bullying and emotional intelligence (EI). Mayer et al., (2008) defines the dimensions of overall EI as "accurately perceiving emotion, using emotions to facilitate thought, understanding emotion, and managing emotion".[80] The concept combines emotional and intellectual processes.[81] Lower emotional intelligence appears to be related to involvement in bullying, as the bully and/or the victim of bullying. EI seems to play an important role in both bullying behavior and VICTIMIZATION in bullying; given that EI is illustrated to be malleable, EI education could greatly improve bullying prevention and intervention initiatives.[82]
Context

Файлове в моя компютър за проекта АЕЦ БЕЛЕНЕ
СИСТЕМЕН ХАКИНГ

CYBERBULLYING
Main article: Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. This form of bullying can easily go undetected because of lack of parental/authoritative supervision. Because bullies can pose as someone else, it is the MOST ANONYMOUS FORM OF BULLYING. CYBERBULLYING INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, ABUSE USING EMAIL, INSTANT MESSAGING, TEXT MESSAGING, WEBSITES, SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES, etc.[83] With the creation of social networks like Facebook, Myspace, Instagram, and Twitter, cyberbullying has increased. Particular watchdog organizations have been designed to contain the spread of cyberbullying.[84]
DISABILITY bullying
Main article: Disability bullying


ЛИКВИДИРАНИ СА МИ ТРИ КОМПЮТЪРА. МНОГОКРАТНО СА ЛИКВИДИРАНИ МОИ ПРЕВОДИ ПРЕДИ ПРЕДАВАНЕТО С ЦЕЛ ДА НЕ ПОЛУЧАВАМ ПОВЕЧЕ ПОРЪЧКИ – ДЕФАКТО С ЦЕЛ МОЯТА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКА ЛИКВИДАЦИЯ.

ВНАСЯНИ СА ПРОМЕНИ ДОРИ В ПОВЕРИТЕЛНИ ФАЙЛОВЕ, ЗА АЕЦ БЕЛЕНЕ, С ЦЕЛ ДА БЪДА ПРИВЛЕЧЕНА КЪМ НАКАЗАТЕЛНА ОТГОВОРНОСТ КАТО ТЕРОРИСТ.

ЛИЦЕ, ЗАСТРАШАВАЩО НАЦИОНЛНАТА СИГУРНОСТ, НЕЩО ПОВЕЧЕ – РАБОТЕЩО ЗА ПОВТОРЕНИЕТО НА ЧЕРНОБИЛСКАТА АВАРИЯ НА БАЛКАНИТЕ.

It has been noted that DISABLED PEOPLE ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTED BY BULLYING AND ABUSE, AND SUCH ACTIVITY HAS BEEN CITED AS A HATE CRIME.[85] The bullying is not limited to those who are visibly disabled, such as wheelchair-users or physically deformed such as those with a cleft lip, but also those with learning disabilities, such as autism[86][87] and developmental coordination disorder.[88][89]
THERE IS AN ADDITIONAL PROBLEM THAT THOSE WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES ARE OFTEN NOT AS ABLE TO EXPLAIN THINGS TO OTHER PEOPLE, SO ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE DISBELIEVED OR IGNORED IF THEY DO COMPLAIN.[citation needed]


ВСИЧКИ МОИ ОПИТИ ДА ОБЯСНЯ И ДА ПОТЪРСЯ ПОМОЩ БЯХА ПРЕНЕБРЕГВАНИ, КАТО ОТГОВОРЪТ БЕШЕ НАКАЗАТЕЛНА ПСИХИАТРИЯ.

Gay bullying
Main article: Gay bashing
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МИКСИРАНЕТО НА МОИ НИКОВЕ С НИКОВЕТЕ НА МЪЖЕ ЧЕСТО ДВАШЕ ПОВОД ДА МЕ ПИТАТ ДАЛИ СЪМ ЖЕНА ИЛИ МЪЖ. ИЛИ ДА СЕ ОБРЪЩАТ КЪМ МЕН КАТО КЪМ МЪЖ, ВЪПРЕКИ ЧЕ ПРЕКРАСНО ЗНАЯТ, ЧЕ СЪМ ЖЕНА. Пример? Никнеймът VAL. ФЕЛИЧЕ - http://clubs.dir.bg/userposts.php?Cat=10&usid=67468&User=felice&Board=shantav

Пример на оскърбително отношение?
СТОТИЦИ СА. КАТО ЗАПОЧНЕШ ОТ СЪВЕТИТЕ ПИЙ СИ ХАПЧЕТАТА И СВЪРШИШ С ОБРЪЩЕНИЕТО ЗВЕЗДИЧКО ВМЕСТО ЗВЕЗДИЧКЕ.




Legal bullying
Main article: Legal abuse
Legal bullying is the bringing of a vexatious legal action to control and punish a person. Legal bullying can often take the form of frivolous, repetitive, or burdensome lawsuits brought to intimidate the defendant into submitting to the litigant's request, not because of the legal merit of the litigant's position, but principally due to the defendant's inability to maintain the legal battle. This can also take the form of Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP). It was partially concern about the potential for this kind of abuse that helped to fuel the protests against SOPA and PIPA in the United States in 2011 and 2012.[citation needed]
Military bullying

НЕ СЪМ ПОДПИСВАЛА НИКОГА ДОКУМЕНТИ ЗА СЪТРУДНИЧЕСТВО С РАЗУЗНАВАТЕЛНИ АГЕНЦИИ И ДРУГИ MILITARY СТРУКТУРИ.

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Parental bullying of children

МОИТЕ ДЕЦА СА БИЛИ СИСТЕМНО ПОДЛАГАНИ НА БУЛИНГ ПОРАДИ СИСТЕМНО ПРИЛАГАНАТА КЪМ МЕН НАКАЗАТЕЛНА ПСИХИАТРИЯ.
Prison bullying

Main article: Prisoner abuse

ЗАТВАРЯНЕТО В ЗАКРИТО МЕДИЦИНСКО ЗАВЕДЕНИЕ Е РАВНОСИЛНО НА ЗАТВОР.
School bullying (bullying of students in schools)

Main article: School bullying

В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕНАТА ГИМНАЗИЯ МЕ НАРИЧАХА РУСКИНЯТА. НЕ ПО ИМЕ. С ОГРОМНО ПРЕЗРЕНИЕ В ГЛАСА.
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Sexual bullying
Main article: Sexual bullying

See also: SLUT-SHAMING
ИЗВЪРШЕНОТО СПРЯМО МЕН ПРЕСТЪПЛЕНИЕ ТАКА И НЕ БЕШЕ РАССЛЕДВАНО ОТ БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ВЛАСТИ, ТИКНАХА МЕ В ЗАКРИО ЛЕЧЕБНО ЗАВЕДЕНИЕ. НИКАКВО СЪДЕЙСТВИЕ ОТ ПРЕЗИДЕНТСКАТА АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ НА БИВШИЯ ПРЕЗИДЕНТ МЕДВЕДЕВ И ОТ НЕГОВОТО ПОСОЛСТВО.
БЯХ ОБЕКТ НА СИСТЕМНИ ПОДИГРАВКИ В КВАРТАЛА, В КОЙТО ЖИВЕЯ.
TRANS BULLYING
Main article: Trans bashing

(ВЕЧЕ ПИСАХ ЗА ПОДМЯНАТА И МИКСИРАНЕТО НА МОИТЕ ПСЕВДОНИМИ, ТОВА Е ГНУСНО – ВСЕКИ ИМА ПРАВО НА ЛИЧЕН ЖИВОТ.)

Trans bashing is the act of victimizing a person physically, sexually, or verbally because they are transgender or transsexual.[101] Unlike gay bashing, it is committed because of the target's actual or perceived gender identity, not sexual orientation.

WORKPLACE BULLYING
Main article: Workplace bullying

ЗАРАДИ СЛУХОВЕТЕ БЕЗБРОЙ ПРЕВОДАЧЕСКИ АГЕНЦИИ ПРЕСТАНАХА ДА МИ ДАВАТ РАБОТА – НО ВСЯКО ЗЛО ЗА ДОБРО. ЕДНА ОСТАНА. НАЙ-ТОЧНИТЕ, НА КОИТО ИМАМ ПЪЛНО ДОВЕРИЕ. ЛОЯЛНИ КЪМ ДЪРЖАВАТА, ОБЩЕСТВОТО И СЪТРУДНИЦИТЕ СИ.

Workplace bullying occurs when an employee experiences a persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes harm.[102] Workplace bullying can include such tactics as verbal, nonverbal, psychological, physical abuse and humiliation. This type of workplace aggression is particularly difficult because, unlike the typical forms of school bullying, workplace bullies often operate within the established rules and policies of their organization and their society. Bullying in the workplace is in the majority of cases reported as having been perpetrated by someone in authority over the target. However, bullies can also be peers, and occasionally can be subordinates.[103]

The first known documented use of "workplace bullying" is in 1992 in a book by Andrea Adams called Bullying at Work: How to Confront and Overcome It.[104][105]
Research has also investigated the impact of the larger organizational context on bullying as well as the group-level processes that impact on the incidence, and maintenance of bullying behavior.[106] Bullying can be covert or overt. It may be missed by superiors or known by many throughout the organization. Negative effects are not limited to the targeted individuals, and may lead to a decline in employee morale and a change in organizational culture.[6] A Cochrane Collaboration systematic review has found very low quality evidence to suggest that organizational and individual interventions may prevent bullying behaviors in the workplace.[107]
In academia
Main article: Bullying in academia

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In blue collar jobs
THIS IS OFTEN USED IN COMBINATION WITH MANIPULATION AND COERCION OF FACTS TO GAIN FAVOUR AMONG HIGHER-RANKING ADMINISTRATORS.[109]
IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Main article: Bullying in information technology
A culture of bullying is common in information technology (IT), leading to high sickness rates, low morale, poor productivity, and high staff-turnover.[110] Deadline-driven project work and stressed-out managers take their toll on IT workers.[111]
IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION
MAIN ARTICLE: BULLYING IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION

ТОТАЛЕН БУЛИНГ СПРЯМО МЕН.
Bullying in the legal profession is believed to be more common than in some other professions. It is believed that its adversarial, hierarchical tradition contributes towards this.[112] Women, trainees and solicitors who have been qualified for five years or less are more impacted, as are ethnic minority lawyers and lesbian, gay and bisexual lawyers.[113]

IN MEDICINE
Main article: Bullying in medicine
НЕ СЪМ ЛЕКАР, НО НЕВОЛНО СТАНАХ ТАКЪВМ – РЕДОВНО МЕ ТРОВИХА, СИПВАХА В ХРАНАТА И НАПИТКИТЕ МИ НЕВРОЛЕПТИЦИ И НАРКОТИЦИ.

In nursing
Main article: Bullying in nursing
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In teaching
Main article: Bullying in teaching

School teachers are commonly the subject of bullying but they are also sometimes the originators of bullying within a school environment.

ИМА ОБРАТНА ВРЪЗКА – ЗНАМ ЗА ДОСТА СЛУЧАИ НА ПРЕЛЪСТЯВАНЕ НА ХОРА ОТ ОБКРЪЖЕНИЕТО МИ ОТ ТЕХНИ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛИ. КОЕТО Е РАЗБИЛО ЖИВОТА ИМ.

In other areas

РАЗНООБРАЗИЕТО Е ОГРОМНО. УМОРИХ СЕ ДА ПИША ЗА РАЗЛИЧНИТЕ ФОРМИ НА ИНДИВИДУАЛЕН ТЕРОР.

As the verb to bully is defined as simply "forcing one's way aggressively or by intimidation", the term may generally apply to any life experience where one is motivated primarily by intimidation instead of by more positive goals, such as mutually shared interests and benefits. As such, any figure of authority or power who may use intimidation as a primary means of motivating others, such as a neighborhood "protection racket don", a national dictator, a childhood ring-leader, a terrorist, a terrorist organization, or even a ruthless business CEO, could rightfully be referred to as a bully. According to psychologist Pauline Rennie-Peyton, we each face the POSSIBILITY OF BEING BULLIED IN ANY PHASE OF OUR LIVES.[115]

Inanimate objects
Children have been observed bullying anthropomorphic robots designed to assist the elderly. Their attacks start with blocking the robots' paths of movement and then escalate to verbal abuse, hitting and destroying the object. Seventy-five percent of the kids interviewed perceived the robot as "human-like" yet decided to abuse it anyway, while 35% of the kids who beat up the robot did so "for enjoyment".[116]
Prevention

ПРЕВЕНЦИЯ? ИЗЛИЗАНЕ ОТ АНОНИМНОСТ. И КАЗВАНЕ И ДОКАЗВАНЕ НА ФОРМИТЕ НА ИНДИВИДУАЛЕН ТЕРОР.

Responding to bullying
Bullying is typically ongoing and not isolated behaviour. Common ways that people try to respond, are to try to ignore it, to confront the bullies or to turn to an authority figure to try to address it.
IGNORING IT OFTEN DOES NOTHING TO STOP THE BULLYING CONTINUING, and it can become worse over time.[119] It can be important to address bullying behaviour early on, as it can be easier to control the earlier it is detected.[120] Bystanders play an important role in responding to bullying, as doing nothing can encourage it to continue, while small steps that oppose the behaviour can reduce it.[121]
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See also
• Abuse
• Abusive power and control
• Bashing (pejorative)
• Brodie's Law (act)
• Bully (2011 film)
• The Bully: A Discussion and Activity Story (book)
• Bullying and suicide
• Discrimination
• Harassment
• Hate crime
• Hazing
• Mobbing
• Passive-aggressive behavior
• Psychological trauma
• Relational aggression
• Scapegoating
• Social dominance orientation
• Social exclusion
• Social undermining
• Social rejection
• Taunting
• Teasing
• Victimisation
• Workplace bullying
References
Categories:
• Bullying
• Abuse
• Aggression
• Injustice
• Persecution
• Psychological abuse
• Interpersonal conflict
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