Nouns are either masculine, feminine or neuter. There are two subdivisions for each gender: strong and weak. So you have, for example, strong masculine and weak masculine nouns. There are further subdivisions within these categories depending on how the nouns are declined, while some nouns are just irregular anyway. Icelandic has four cases into which nouns are declined in the singular and plural: nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive. Subjects go in the nominative. The accusative, dative, and genitive are a bit trickier. Which of these three cases a non-subject noun will take depends on whether or not it is preceded by a verb or preposition. If not, then a direct object will take the accusative, an indirect object the dative, and the gentive will show possession. If proceded by a verb or preposition, a noun will take on the case of that particular verb or preposition. Most verbs do take the accusative, but you have to be careful; because some verbs do take the dative or even genitive(so when you see a noun in the genitive in Icelandic it may or may not be showing possession). Then you have prepositions. Some govern the accusative, some the dative, and some the genitive. Then there are about eight prepositions which govern both the accusative and dative, and it depends on context as to which case it will govern in a certain situation. If change/motion is indicated, then it falls under the accusative. On the other hand if rest/position is indicated, then the dative is used. Remember, this only concerns preposions which govern both the accusative and dative, and there are only about eight of those. Most prepositions only govern one set case.

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