Attempts to classify Hg H lineages by HVS-I have been hindered by a frequent occurrence of mutations at fast-evolving nucleotide sites – so-called mutational hot-spots (Richards et al. 2000; Allard et al. 2002). Furthermore, HVS-I sequence information leaves a substantial fraction of Hg H genomes phylogenetically unresolved: on average one third of the lineages share a haplotype identical with the Cambridge Reference Sequence or CRS (Anderson et al.1981). Therefore, progress in the analysis of Hg H diversity and, indeed, of the understanding of the phylogeography of western Eurasian maternal lineages, depends critically on the use of full genome information in mtDNA samples, representative in size and geography.

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