594
Hunnic Regent Orchna(Orchаna) (584-594) dies, Kubrat accends to Khanship (594-642).

594
Theophanes Confessor and Constantinus Porphyrogeneus explicitly state that Bulgarians, settled on Balkans, had been called earlier Unogundurs

594
Byzantine patriarch Nicephorus calls ruler of Great Bulgaria khan Kubrat "ruler of Unogundurs"

620
Shambat, younger brother of Baltavar Kubrat, on Kubrat order, builds in aul Askal on mountains Kuyantau city-fortress named Bashtu, present Kiev. Other names Askal, Kuk-Kuyan, Shambat, Kyi.

623
Shambat starts war against Avars, with Ulchis (Slavs) and Ugrs. Shambat captures Pannonia and calls his ulus Duloba (623-658). Baltavar Kubrat calls him Kyi (Separated).

623
Birth of Samo state, first political formation of Slavs, first mentioned in writing in 623

626
(Onogur?) Bulgars live in Trans-Caucasus on right bank of Kuban' to Don Different fr and rival to Khazars

626
Avars controlled all Kuturgur Hun lands Uturgur (Onogur?) Bulgars did not participate in Khazars' war raids into Caucasus Uturgur (Onogur?) Bulgars guarded western border of Western Kaganate Uturgur (Onogur?) Bulgars are allied with Tele (Dulu).

626
W. Gokturk Khaganate campaign against Persia in Caucasus, with Khazars but without Bulgars.

626
Khazars and (Onogur?) Bulgars confederated (voluntarily, not conquered) into W. Gokturk Khaganate. Khazars supply military contingents and participate in division of captured wealth. Bulgars man western border with Avars and don't benefit from captured we

626
Kubrat proclaims independence from W. Goktürk Khaganate and assumes title of Khagan.

626
While Heraclius with W, Gokturk Khaganates fights Persians in Caucasus, Persians with Avars attack Constantinople. Avars retreat with heavy losses and in disgrace. Kubrat suggests sucking Avar Khagan and replacing him. End of Avar-Persian union.

626
Khazars ally with Byzantine under Emperor Heraclius (626-630)

627
Seyanto and Uygurs, both Tele tribes, help each other in Goktürk Khaganate. Seyanto's Inan and Uygur's Pusa support each other.

627
Series of revolts against Avars start among subjugated tribes. Uprising of western Slavs, led by Samo, a Frankish merchant, resulted in founding of a Slavic state on territory of present-day Czech Republic and Slovakia.

630
Bulgars/Barsils are incorporated into elite of Western Gokturk Khaganate horde.

630
Great Bulgaria north of Black Sea under Kubrat (630-660)

630
End of rule of Khazars by Gokturk Western Khaganate

630
End of rule of Khazars by Gokturk Western Khaganate

630
Avars treat Bulgars/Barsils badly as conquered people. Western Bulgars/Kuturgurs move to Bavaria, and are annihilated by Frankish king Dagober. Eastern Bulgars/Kuturgurs joint with Bulgars/Uturgur

630
Avar Khagan (602-630) dies. Next Khan rules (630-?).

630
Sibir-Khan (14) recognized independence of Bulgaria under Kubrat of Dulo dynasty, his nephew of feminine line.

630
Avar Khagan (602-630) dies. Next Khan rules (630-?).

630
Sibir-Khan (14) recognized independence of Bulgaria under Kubrat of Dulo dynasty, his nephew of feminine line.

630
Qarluqs rebel, Tung Yabgu (23) dies, W. Goktrk Khaganate split, SW and NE. SW run by Nushibis, under Irbis Bolun Yabgu (31) (631-631), installed by Nishu Khan Shad (32), son of Baga Shad (24). NE run by Tele (Dulu), under Sibir Khan Yabgu (14) (630-631).

630
Turks of Ordos become known as Gok Turks (Blue Turks), different from their northern neighbors - Tele630
W. Gokturks invade Armenia and defeat Persians. W. Gokturks clear S Caucasus

631
Uygur leader Tumidu, heir of Pusa, defeated Seyantos and seized their ranges. Emperor Taitszun sent an embassy to Seyanto leader Inan and recognized him as Khan, as a counterweight to Uygurs. Uygurs subordinated and recognized new Khan.

631
Kutugur's rebelion against Avars and defeat of Kutugurs by Avars

631
Samo Slavs in 631 beat Frank Army of King Dagobert near Vogatisburg and gain their independence from Franks and Avars

632
Yishbara Tolis Shad (33) is not trying to re-subjugate Bulgars

632
Kipchaks are not in 10 arrows of Western Kaganate

633
Kubrat unites Bulgar Kuturgur and Uturgur tribes and liberated from W. Gokurk Khaganate.

633
Kubrat organizes state, 2nd=kavkhan, 3rd=lchirguboyl ??

635
Kubrat escaped dominance of Gokturks and Khazars, by supporting Sibir-Khan in 630. He became independent, defeated Avars. Controlled near- Black Sea steppes

635
Kubrat sent embassy to Constantinople and received title of Patrician. Kubrat's Bulgaria joins Byzantium as Federatae. Byzantium becomes a bordering state with Khazaria of W. Gokturk Khaganate, controlling former Khazar territories.

635
Yshbara Tolis-Shad Yabgu reorganizes W. Goktürk Khaganate into 10-arrow Gokturks, of 5 Nushibi and 5 Tele (Dulu) tribal leaders, recognizing them as Shads (blood prince).

636
Bulgaria hostile with Khazars of W. Gokturk Khaganate on East, with Avars on West, with Byzantium on South.

639
Yishbara Tolis Shad (33) died, then (42), then cousin Bagadur, title = Irbis Yshbara Yabguu Khan (37)

641
Kipchak on Altai subordinated to Khan Ükuk Yabgu,

646
Seyanto Khanate was destroyed by Empire and their allies Uygurs, people were mercilessly wiped out. Remains of Seyanto dispersed by slopes of Beyshan, and joined Gokturks.

650
Migration of Bulgars to middle Itil, attested to by burial sites in Shilovka and Brusyany. Burials are of Turkic nobility with complex rites and rich implements.

651
With loss of W.Gokturk Khaganate rule, former confedrate Khazaria with attached Bulgar Kutugurs, Alans, Slavs and Itil Bulgars gain independence. Khazars keep Kagan from Ashina dynasty.

655
Khazars allied with Alans.

656
Founded Khazarian state

658
Great Bulgaria, Baltavar Kubrat's state, is divided into 2 uluses, Western Kara Bulgar and Eastern Ak Bulgar Yorty, separated by river Shir (Don).

658
Kara Bulgar extended from estuary of (Danube) to Shir (Don). Ak Bulgar Yorty extended from Shir (Don) to estuary of Itil (Volga). Border went by river Aksu, including aul Kharka (current Kharkov). Bulyar was included as semi-autonomous beylik.

658
Great Bulgaria's capital Bandja, renamed fron Onoguria (Gr. Phanagoria). Summer stan is Khorysdan or Batavyl ( Lord's stan), present Putivl. In between are two more stans, Tiganak and Baltavar, present Poltava.

660
Khan Kubrat Dulo (24) (618-660) died, is buried 13 km from Baltavar, present Poltava, burial excavated in 1912, no anthropological, forensic examination.

660
Kubrat's 1st son Bayan (Batbayan) is elected Baltavr and remains in Great Bulgaria, confederated with Khazars

660
Kubrat's 2nd son Kotrag resettled his Kuturgurs (Kotrags) West of Don, and in 730-740 they spread to E. Azov area to join Kuban Bulgars. Kotrag domain consisted of groups Barsula, Eskel and Bulkar (Bulgar).

660
Kubrat's 3rd son, Atilkese, nicknamed Asparukh (Khan Asparukh) heads Onogurs (Utigurs)

663
Dismemberment of Great Bulgaria - Divided up among Kubrat's five sons, third of which was Asparukh, Khan of Utiguri.

668
Peace treaty between Khazars' Kagan Kaban and Kara Bulgar's Baltavar Bat-Boyan. Kara Bulgar is subordnated to Khazar.

669
Split of Kara Bulgar into W. and E. of Dniepr. West is controlled by Shambat and Asparukh, and East, including Bulyar, by Baltavar Bat-Boyan

670
Bat-Boyan Bulgars are defeated by Khazars. Khazars recover territory with east Bulgar (Utugur) and Alan populations.

670
Khazars under Alp-Ilitver defeat Bulgars

671
Large Horde of Kubrat's 3rd son, Atilkese, nicknamed Asparukh, after death of Shambat in 670, moved west with Onogurs (Utigurs) and some Turkmen (Byzantian historians call them Bolgars from now on), to Danube and Pannonia district Kashan, between rivers B

675
At last Bulgars arrive on Danube under Kubrat's 3rd son, Atilkese, nicknamed Asparukh!!!

Редактирано от Atilkese на 13.04.06 23:21.