И е на английски дано се хване, но основната идея е че е многотрудно постижимо и съвремената физика го отхвърля
Warp Drive Today Technical FAQ's

Edward Halerewicz, Jr.
hal_warp@hotmail.com

March 22, 2003

There have been a number of technical questions regarding the Warp Drive by visitors to the Author's web site "Warp Drive Today," presented in this document are answers to some of the more popular Frequently Asked Questions.

What are the properties of the Warp Drive Gravity Field?

In simple terms a Warp Drive is a vacuum gravitational field (which is to say the field is not produced by matter sources but other energy fields and pressures) which act to contract space and time in front of a spacecraft and expand space and time behind a spacecraft. You might compare this action to a snow plowing machine which intakes snow and throws it out the back, thus acting to propel the craft. Because the gravitational field affects both space and time (so called space-time) it annihilates a region of space in front of spacecraft and generates a region of space behind and this is what propels the Alcubierre Warp Drive. Ordinary matter causes spacetime to contract while it takes exotic (negative) energy to cause spacetime to expand, presently it is assumed that negative energy does not exist in the classical sense to allow for Warp Drives. However Quantum Theory suggest that minuet forms of exotic energy may exist and therefore Warp Drives still remain possible. A confusion associated with Warp Theory as seen by layman is the requirement of a vacuum gravitational field for a Warp Drive. This is because the presence of gravity is presumed to require matter, in a "vacuum" there is no matter so one might rightly ask how can a gravitational field form? It is from the fact that free energy in the form of electromagnetic energy can contribute to the mass of other bodies from the famous E=mc2 equation. If there is enough energy present in space it can begin to affect the properties of a gravitational field. Add that to the fact that gravitational fields can propagate as waves you may have a matter source but the motion of matter might seem to produce an additional gravitational waves do to interference effects. There also is the question about the speed of a Warp Drive spacetime. One of the assertions of modern gravity theories is that the speed of gravity is the same as the speed of light, there has been some suggestive evidence that this may be true but at present the evidence is not entirely conclusive. So the speed of the interacting vacuum gravitational waves would appear to be the speed of light, which means that this propels the Warp Drive spacetime at the speed of light, so Warp Drives do not automatically travel faster than the speed of light as they do in science fiction.

Does exotic (negative) energy imply anti-gravity?

The short answer is that exotic energy does not produce anti-gravity. However there is a difference between the layman interpretation of anti-gravity and that of the scientific community, to the layman anti-gravity is counter reacting the force of the Earth's gravity. From the layman perspective even the chemcial reaction needed to launch a simple model rocket could be conceived as anti-gravitational force, that is why in the scientific community anti-gravity is seen as a bogus force (that is because the actual properties of a gravitational field are neglected). Furthermore Newton's theory gravity always attracts so anti-gravity can't even arise, however Einstein's theory of General Relativity allows for something called the "Cosmological Constant" which causes the universe to expand from itself. This does not mean if the Cosmological Constant could be focused on matter on earth that it would begin to levitate, as it simply causes space to expand, in contrary to non scientific press which wrongly calls the effect "anti-gravity" because of the "pushed" space effect. If enough of the Cosmological Constant energy was pumped into an object so that it would have a visible effect it would simply cause that object to move away from itself, so it is clear that there is no "magic" levitating force. In the Einstein school gravity normally contracts space, but exotic energy would act to expand space, since the two concepts appear to be opposites the layman may consider "exotic energy" as an anti-gravity force, but as described previously this interpretation is false.

Do Warp Drives create Time Travel Effects?

You may think that Warp Drives can travel faster than light and hence may produce time travel like effects, well you'd be right if Warp Drives traveled faster than light. The only Warp Drive theories at present suggest that they travel only at the speed of light, but if you could modify them to travel faster than light time travel could become a possibility but not in the way one might expect from special relativity. First off the purpose of a Warp Drive is to counteract Lorentz Forces, these forces effectively increase the mass (in actuality the momentum of a body) as an object accelerates resulting in the informal rule that "nothing can travel faster than light." The Warp Drive because of the distortions it creates in spacetime allow matter to move at the speed of light without an apparent mass increase which would slow down a massive body otherwise. Now in relativity theory if a particle could travel faster than light it would form a loop in spacetime which would then act to travel backwards through time. However even if a Warp Drive moved faster than the speed of light it would still not travel backwards through time because the Lorentz forces are countered. The loop that a faster than light Warp Drive forms is only partial and acts like a wormhole forming a shortcut in spacetime, there is no actual time travel involved. However Gonzalez-Diaz showed that if two Warp Drives were to collide they just might form a full loop and would then be able to act as a time machine. This result parallels with suggestions that if two rotating wormholes were to collide they would also form a time machine. It is however worthwhile to note that current theories suggest that time travel schemes such as these can not travel back in time prior to when the time travel like state was created. So Warp Drives do not encounter time travel like effects on there own, although colliding two Warp Drive spacetimes into each other just might induce time travel.

What is Exotic Energy?

In terms of spacetime exotic energy is the energy required to break conservation laws within gravitational physics, in essence it is something which violates the laws of physics. However certain gravitational fields can produce small amounts of exotic energy locally because of the complex interactions gravitational fields can have on each other, but viewed as a whole exotic energy is not believe to exist on an important scale. It can be generalized that exotic energy is the momentary transfer of energy from one point to another, if you happen to be in a position where the energy moves away from you may appear to have exotic energy to someone else. Even so such energy does not exist when one takes the whole field into account, so this is why exotic energy violates the laws of physics and why the existence of this form of energy is hotly debated in physics circles. However in Quantum Theory there is a factor of uncertainty of observable systems so that energy states can take both higher and lower energy states than what is allowed by classical physics. It is believed that the low energy states of certain quantum interactions can produce exotic (or negative) energy, but it is usually found to be compensated by a larger pulse of positive energy. So in short exotic energy allows one to bend the rules of physics but the existence of this energy as being truely physical is highly suspect and there is no clear answer at present of what exotic energy might be (other than an artificial tool to manipulate physical data).

How can energy for a Warp Drive be generated and stored?

Well if you are looking to build a Warp Drive Engine I wouldn't recommend holding your breath, the original Alcubierre Warp Drive required 100 times the mass of the Universe, so that's a no go. However Van Den Broeck managed to reduce the energy of Warp Drive, by inverting the field to mimic a "ship in bottle," reducing the figure around to a few solar masses depending on the size of the craft of course. So the Van Den Broeck Warp Drive is also a no go, only astrophysical sources such as black holes even come close to producing that kind of energy making a moot argument for building an engine, but not quite enough to rule out naturally forming Warp Drives. From science fiction a "matter anti-matter reaction" may seem violent enough to power a Warp Drive, but according to E=mc2 converting matter to energy still isn't going to be enough to get you anywhere as in the end you only have the mass of your ship which doesn't come close to approaching a solar mass (Furthermore converting matter to energy spreads out the energy of the field and the gravitational field also becomes weaker). O.K. so the real physics is a bit of a downer here for those of you wishing to build starships, but lets say for the sake of argument new technologies could be found to mimic the conditions for a Warp Drive. Well then you need to create two forms of gravity waves one to expand space and another to collapse it, you would have to form a standing wave, but not have the opposing fields cancel. You quickly run into another problem as you can plainly see, if you could solve this problem then you run into the problem of generating gravity waves. The generation of gravity waves is easily done in principle simply accelerate mass, the problem is that gravity waves are very weak, so it would require a huge mass accelerating near the speed of light, which is ruled out by relativity theory. Even if you could find a big enough mass to rotate and it meets all of the unphysical requirements need for a Warp Drive, you would have to replace the radiated mass (which would look like an exploding black hole, which shows even another problem, i.e. the violation of the law of conservation of energy). It is very easy to see that simply generating a Warp Drive is far beyond any known technology but let us now take a look at the storage issue. Storage is easy matter would be the storage device, the real question is transforming the energy so that it could be of use. A second question then might be is there enough matter that can be engineered by an advanced civilization to generate a Warp Drive like effect? So there is no real answer to the question of Warp Drive generation it may be considered possible momentarily for massive objects such as black holes, but use for stellar transportation seems questionable. In theory it may be possible for Warp Drives to form but to generate Warp Drives by artificial means seem clearly beyond the reach of humankind, unless completely new laws of physics become available to us.

What is the Control Problem?

Warp Drives have a signaling problem imagine being a conductor in a train caboose and needing to signal the engineer to slow down a train, this is the same problem faced by passengers in a Warp Ship. A Warp Drive if possible by current theories would be required to travel at the speed of light, to affect the gravity waves for navigation you would need to be able to signal them. This can be done with light waves for analogy, however since the frontal wave is also moving at the speed of light the signal will not be able to reach the front. So the Alcuiberre Warp Drive once initiated literally has the effect of a run-away train, a spacecraft however still might be able to fire retro-rockets and escape the Warp Field. Although if not timed correctly the craft may encounter part of the Warp Field and could be destroyed, the control problem makes navigation and leaving the field problematic. So to regain control of the ship would require information to travel FTL which is currently ruled out by many theories (although not conclusively ruled out). However a slower than light Warp Drive would not face these problems although such a field is not known in present theory, to resolve the control issue of a Warp Drive would seem to require new physics, a theme that occurs throughout Warp Theory.

How would a Warp Drive affect other gravitating bodies?

If you're on a planet and a Warp Ship goes by you may want to know what may happen to it if you happen to be on it. Well gravity waves in a Warp Drive are confined to the radius around the ship which forms a "warp bubble," so you do not need worry about indirect effects as the Warp Ship would be confined to its own miniature universe. However the "warp bubbles" themselves can interact directly with matter which would not be good as it could rip matter to shreds do to the tidal forces generated within the "warp bubble."

Assuming a Warp Drive is possible, is it possible to observe an Advanced Civilization using it?

In theory it should be possible to observe a Warp Ship traveling at the speed of light or below, if it is moving faster than light the story is different. If a natural or artificial Warp Drive were to travel across the cosmos it would generate a moving gravitational lens like effect. Since Warp Drives share the same exotic energy requirements that wormholes do they would produce similar lensing effects, which is optically distinguishable by the effects generate by galaxies. However if the Warp Drive were to move faster than light it would likely evade detection, unless some new form of radiation is emitted, the lens effect to us then would not be distinguishable from random radiation.

Насила може само да вземеш, насила не може да дадеш