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| Тема |
 Re: Bulgaria,bg nahodki [re: i/snimki] |
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| Автор | l (Нерегистриран) | |
| Публикувано | 14.05.05 11:31 |
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The seal of George Charnets and Sinkel Bulgarian - a wax seal from the last quarter of 9th c.
It was found in the vicinity of Selishte /The Settlement/.
Sinkel means a higher-ranking ecclesiastic - archbishop’s first assistant. It is highly probable that the owner of the seal and archbishop George, who became the head of the church at the end of 9th c., was one and the same personality. The two copies of the molivdovul /the other one is in the collection of the National Archeological Museum in Sofia/ are the first and earliest memorials written in Cyrillic.
Moulds for casting seals from the Strategy in Preslav.
Тhe metal cores for preparing the seals were preliminary cast in ceramic or stone moulds with circles carved in them. When casting the seal, a cordhole was made through its core, so that the cord could circle round the rolled document or scroll. The final stage of making the seal was to mould it with a special pair of pliers called “bulotirion”. Special matrixes were fastened on the sides of the pliers with signs and images engraved in negative
The seal of Tsar Simeon /913-927/ - lead
The seal was found near a village called Cherencha in the region of Shumen. Other examples from the same set of seals belonging to Simeon have not been found so far. The circular sign saying “Simeon the Basileus” makes us think that the molivdovul dates back to the time after the coronation of Simeon in Constantinopolus in 913.
The seal of Teofan - patrician and protovestiaurius /927-934/ - lead
Location - the Strategy in Preslav
Protovestiarius means a dignitary in the palace of the Byzantine Emperor. He took care of the ruler’s personal wardrobe and assisted him everywhere even in his military campaigns. Тhe protovestiarius was also responsible for the personal tasks and work of separate individuals from the Emperor’s family. According to historical resources, Teofan had the leading role in settling the marriage between the Bulgarian tsar - Petar and the Byzantine princess - Maria-Irina /she was Emperor Roman I Lackapin’s grand daughter/. This fact explains why seals of his own set were found in Preslav.
The seal of Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII /945/ - lead.
Location - in the vicinity of “Pod Zabuite” - near the Emperor’s palace
Judging from the fact that Constantine VII was presented alone, we might assume that the molivdovul dates back to 945, the year when the Lackapin dynasty was removed from the throne. All the mail from the Emperor, received in Preslav, probably informed about these changes in Byzantine government.
Bronze matrix of tsar Petar - duplicate /? - 969/
Location - it was discovered during excavations of the Big Palace in Pliska
The matrix was meant for printing on soft materials /wax, clay/. The inscription was written in Cyrillic on both sides of the image. This is the earliest sfragistic monument in which we see the Bulgarian equivalent of the Byzantine title - basileus = tsar or caesar.
The seal of Alexius Komnin - sebast and great domestic /1079 - 1081/ - lead
Location - the Strategy in Preslav
The title “domestic” means a higher-ranking officer in the Emperor’s army. The seal belonged to the future Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Komnin /1089-1118/. In 1079 he was honored with the title “sebast”, which was reserved for the emperor’s family only as well as for their close associates.
Basil the Head - “spataroipat” /60s - 70s of 11th c. / - lead
Location - the Strategy in Preslav
Some of the seals make it easier to track down the carrier of their owners. The same is the case with the only familiar, 5 in number, molivdovuls of Basil the Head. Judging from them we might assume that at first he was a “spataroipat” /a lower title compared to “patrician”/ and a few years later he reached the rank of “vestarh”, which was second in rank for eunuchs. The duties of the vestarh were mainly about the personal wardrobe of the emperor - he took care of the official garment, crown and jewelry.
The seal of vestarh Theodore Dobromir /third quarter of 11th c. / - lead
Location - the Strategy in Preslav
Theodore Dobromir’s carrier could also be tracked according to molivdovuls of his.
The curious thing about this Byzantine dignitary, however, is his slavonic origin, which is obvious from his surname. This proves to be one of the numerous illustrations for the political nature of Byzantine administration.
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