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Тема
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 V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
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| Автор | l (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 27.04.05 22:41 |
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6000 - 5000 - 4000 - .....godini predi Hrista
I az si mislq,kato nqkoi drugi,4e praistoriata i trakite sa izigrali vajna rolq na celite balkani.
Dubene (Bulgaria). An encrusted vessel from Early Bronze II (earlier third millennium BC). City Museum of History, Karlovo (Bulgaria).
Kliment-Banyata (Bulgaria). A cult table. Early Neolithic (earlier sixth millennium BC). City Museum of History, Karlovo (Bulgaria).
EARLY NEOLITHIC
Karanovo I culture in eastern Upper Thrace
LATE NEOLITHIC
Karanovo II-III (Proto-Karanovo III) culture in eastern Upper Thrace
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The face of the tablet.
The backside of the tablet..
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Тема
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Re: V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
[re: l]
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| Автор | i (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 27.04.05 23:05 |
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KIBELA'S TEMPLE
Shown here are the ruins of Kibela's temple lying north of the mysterious tombs.
The age of the temple is some twenty five hundred years. It is not a solid age though, for the near-by stone settlement is good eight thousand years old.
The ancient temple site is located in Dobroudja and is the oldest one in continental Europe.
The original name of the prehistoric settlement (which must have existed from 5400 to 4100 B.C.) is unknown. I feel free, therefore, to call it Lake Town. We are going to make a tour around the place following our guide - Todor Dimov - the person in charge of the research work at the archeological site.
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GROUND GAINED BY WEEDS
The ancient settlement site lies on an island in the freshwater Lake of Durankulak (Durankulashko ezero).
Over the millennia, the Lake was at times connected, at times disconnected from the Black Sea. It was separated from sea waters by a narrow strip of sandy land - one of the longest unexploited Bulgarian beaches - a fact explained with the cold sea current flowing past the shore. The beach stretch ends in Romania.
Today only random rows of stone piles have remained of Lake Town (5400--4100 B.C.). No more. During its construction, the ancient people began using wood as a building material.
By way of landmarks, I would like to refresh your memory and mention that:
- The pre-dynastic period in ancient Egypt dates back to the 4th millennium B.C.
- The Sumerians appeared in the Mesopotamian region around 3300-3200 B.C.
- The Phoenicians settled in the lands of would-be Phoenicia, their kingdom, in the 3rd millennium B.C. (tribal legends say they had come from the Black Sea areas).
- The Israelites conquered Palestine in the 13th-11th centuries B.C.
- The first historical kingdom, Shan-Yin, arose in the 16th century B.C. in the territory of modern China.
The development of Neolithic cultures in the lands lying south of the Danube, reaching as far down as the Crete Island, followed more or less the same pace. Naturally enough, the Neolithic people did not care about our modern national borders.
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EUROPE'S OLDEST STREET
It is the grandmother of all European streets. In our guide's opinion, the walls were constructed out of stone and initially raised to a height of about one metre and a half. Afterwards, they were built on by adding layers of dried clay.
This is a stone wall. Spread from one end to the other would be a clay layer, about twenty centimetres thick. The clay was first mixed with chaff and, while still moldable, spread over the wall. After waiting for it to dry up, applied in the same way were the next layers, one over the other. By using this technique (some sort of a climbing shuttering construction) the ancient people could build as high as two metres. Finally, the structure was covered. In all probability, the roof was made of straw, reeds, or grass. The walls were plastered from the inside. We can conclude from some archeological finds that the walls were also dyed and painted.
The living space of residential structures ran upwards of one hundred square metres. It may be hypothesized that these homes were inhabited by all the kinfolk - i.e. the whole extended family, although we could hardly say today what family meant to the people living in those times.
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ADORNMENTS FOUND IN LAKE TOWN
One's confusion at the sight of all those scattered piles of stone is gone as soon as one looks at the articles the ancient people used in their everyday life. Walking past each other along the oldest street were people of whose dignity and sense of beauty we can judge by the ornaments they left behind. The necklaces and bead strings betray a mature aesthetic taste.
Community life is integral - it is a system, all at once aesthetic, moral, intellectual, pragmatic, religious, institutional, hierarchical and so on. The relationship between the individual subsystems is of a statistical character.
The King's crown alone would allow us to form an idea, with close approximation, of the most likely profile, state and characteristics, of his kingdom. Every modern firm in straightened circumstances would rely on this sort of thing when deciding to renovate its office. The inhabitants of Lake Town certainly did not choose the items to be found by us - the people to live 7 500 years later. Anything found at the site should be conceived as a reliable indicator of the level of their society.
1.
Necklace of gold and chalcedonic beads from tomb No 211 of the necropolis at Durankulak (the second half of the 5th millennium B.C.) - Late Neolithic-chalcolithic Age, Varna culture.
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Strings of gold and malachite beads from the necropolis at Durankulak (the middle of the 5th millennium B.C.) - Varna culture
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Anthropomorphic amulet, tomb No 694 of the necropolis at Durankulak (the middle of the 5th millennium B.C.) - Varna culture
4.Spiral of gold wire (probably a head ornament), tomb No 165 of the necropolis at Durankulak (the middle of the 5th millennium B.C.) - Varna culture.
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THE SUPERNATURAL
Shown below are four idols
They are made of clay.
The idols found in necropolises were made for the respective funerals. Some of the items are not fired. However, there are statuettes found outside the graves.
The latter finds were part of the rituals related to the beliefs of Lake Town's inhabitants. These represent female figurines, but I am sceptic as to their being an evidence of "matriarchy". In much the same way, in the millennia ahead, our times may be conceived as being "matriarchal" on the account that we worship the Virgin and Child.
It seems these figurines are images of one and the same goddess. The Great Mother of Gods. One of the first representations of a primary archetype.
The figure is a symbol of the robust woman, physically healthy, with her genitals well-indicated, with strong legs, while the breasts, head and arms are much less overt - only barely distinguished. The goddess is a child-bearer. She is not a worker, a thinker, or a child-tender. She symbolizes "pure" birth-giving, the "origin", the "starting point"...
The goddess is adorned with rings and necklaces - presumably an expression of worship using the "circle". The circle is a symbol or proto-conception of the idea of rotation, of cyclicity, of infinity...
There are signs drawn on the chest of the unknown goddess - she was invoked and pleaded. The ancient people communicated with her. They perceived their own needs as part of a whole (global, universal), where their goddess was in control, and were able to incorporate these needs in a cause-and-effect chain.
The existence of prayer in their daily life means that from a spiritual perspective they built temples because God (the Supreme Power) was present wherever there was a prayer extended to him. This is the universal human understanding. The rest is a matter of arrangement to designate the physical site for worship, to enclose it, to erect a structure... And they did build material temples. A temple was found in Lake Town where there was a "sitting anthropomorphous full-length representation". The latter was made of white kaolin.
What might have been the name of this goddess? What were the myths about her? Possibly some "proto-Kibela"?
See the article by Ivan Vayssov in the "Dobrudja 9" collection published by The Museums of History in Dobrich and Silistra, 1992. Mentioned there is also the presence of "Anatolian" influence, "The Anatolian prototypes are a whole millennium older than the Hamangia culture itself." Similar figurines have been found in Thessaly, Pelagonia, Southwestern Bugaria.
See also the article by Henrietta Todorova in the same volume.
In Lake Town, they sought contact with the World Beyond by the agency of the Great Mother and the Bull.
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THE BULL
A burial included two bull heads. This is the only instance out of 1204 tombs. Probably it is a matter of a special distinction of the deceased.
Definitely, in Lake Town the bull was ascribed mystic properties. People there associated it with the supernatural, but we can only make guesses in what particular way.
[imagehttp://www.omda.bg/BULG/HYSTORY/zzz.selishte_19_02_2001_dve_bichi_glavi_namereni_v_grob_3.jpg][/image]
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THE TUNIC
Besides being the result of a labour-consuming effort, the tunic is also a product of dexterous craftsmanship. It required skills: regarding the overall designer's vision, the cut, and the sewing. The maker (no matter whether the same person as the user) did not improvise. In order to reach the point of making the item, he/she went through a role-dependent socialization linked with a well-established tradition. Similarly, the Bulgarian maidens of two centuries ago used to skillfully craft the multiple and varied items of their elaborate dowry.
"restored tunic made of spondylus beads"
To make the tunic, there had to be people with training:
- for collecting and processing the beads;
- for making the threads (to string together the beads);
- for weaving the cloth onto which the network of beads was attached;
- for making the needles to thread the beads;
- for making the scissors to cut the cloth.
It could also be assumed there were regular trade relations between Lake Town and other settlements, as well as certain occupations (or a developed system of household labour skills) which met the needs of other communities too.
These conclusions have been supported by other finds as well.
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THE BELT
We are going to use this belt to tie up our amateur narrative of Lake Town.
The pattern of this belt is the same as that of the tunic, but it is a separate part of the dress. The presence of style is among the most conspicuous features of Lake Town's inhabitants.
It is not possible that they had a perception of dressing style without being aware of style in all other sphere of life. What we are witnessing here are not the ruins of an eclectic primitive world, but rather the remains of a harmoniously developed society whose culture was perhaps part of something awesome and yet unknown. Most likely, in that society:
- the basic human needs were met (within the scope of the then existent standard);
- there was a high measure of division of labour;
- stone and wood were used as building materials;
- people had knowledge of settlement planning and building;
- there existed wall painting;
- people's beliefs were related with the cult of the Mother Goddess and, presumably, the cult of the Bull;
- the miniature pottery items found in the tombs are characteristic of Lake Town inhabitants' representations of After Life;
- present was the class of priests;
- judging by the available indisputable evidence, there existed a sign-system;
- the pottery decoration provides grounds for concluding there was a well-developed abstract thinking and a definite feeling for rhythm;
- Lake Town people knew and used the: number, straight line, plane, circle, sphere, triangle, square, rectangular, rectangular parallelepiped;
- they implied meaning in the notions of: similar, male-female, the four cardinal points, the lunar phases, the annual cycle;
- the miniaturized pottery, as well as the gold ornaments allow us to presume that in Lake Town the sense of detail was part of the understanding of harmony and style;
- the dress had both aesthetic and prestige value, which means the same held true of the dwelling;
- there were intensive trade relations with other human settlements...
If the hypothesis of Petko Dimitrov, and of Ryan and Pitman about the Flood as a Black Sea episode that took place some 5 500 years ago is true, then Lake Town must be the cultural and historical site where Noah and his family started from after leaving their Arc. It was they that founded Lake Town thus also laying the foundations of the building of modern civilization.
If this hypothesis is true, then the cultures of Hamangia and Varna represent the beginning of the World.
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Тема
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Re: V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
[re: l]
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| Автор | i (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 27.04.05 23:23 |
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DEVETAKI CAVE (CENTRAL NORTHERN BULGARIA)
Cave occupations from Paleolithic, Neolithic, Copper, Brozne and Iron Ages in the Osum Valley (the Lower Danube basin)
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DOSITEEVO - DERVISHOV ODZHAK (BULGARIA)
Early Copper Age in Thrace: Maritsa Culture
(Earlier Fifth Millennium BC)
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DUBENE-PISHTIKOVA MOGILA (BULGARIA). EARLY NEOLITHIC TELL (EXCAVATIONS 1992)
The Karanovo I Culture in the Upper Stryama Valley
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DUBENE-POPOVKA 2 (BULGARIA). LATE NEOLITHIC FIND (INVESTIGATIONS IN 1992)
The Karanovo IV-Kapitan Dimitrievo Culture Culture in the Upper Stryama Valley
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GOLD JEWELRY FROM HOTNITSA TELL (BULGARIA)
Religion and Art in Balkan Prehistory
Gold Jewelry from Hotnitsa Tell. Northern Central Bulgaria. Gumelnita Culture of the Karanovo VI - Gumelnita - Varna Complex. Later Fifth Millennium BC.
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Тема
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Re: V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
[re: l]
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| Автор | l (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 27.04.05 23:43 |
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KAJMENSKA CHUKA (BULGARIA)
Late Bronze Age in the Middle Strouma Valley
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EIN ORT MIT 6000 - JÄHRIGER GESCHICHTE
Schon in der ausgehenden Jungsteinzeit (um 5000 v. Chr.) begann die Besiedlung dieses Ortes, der mit seinen natürlichen Gegebenheiten wie fruchtbare Böden, große Mengen an Mineralwasser und mittelmeerischem Klima ideale Lebensbedingungen bietet.
Die Siedlung setzte sich über den Zeitraum von fast 6000 Jahren nahezu ohne Unterbrechungen bis zum 13. Jh. n. Chr. fort. Die Lage an der Straße bestimmte ihre wechselhafte Geschichte. Reisende aller Art, Legionen, Eroberer, Kreuzfahrer, Händler, Räuber und immer wieder neue Siedler suchten den reichen Ort. Ständige Zerstörung und Erneuerung bestimmten daher das Siedlungsbild.
Der Ort weckte schon frühzeitig das Interesse der archäologischen Forschung, ist aber erst seit 1981 Gegenstand von deutsch-bulgarischen archäologischen Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungen. Gegenwärtig bereiten die Wissenschaftler mehrere Monographien zu ihren Forschungsergebnissen vor.
In bisher 18 Ausgrabungskampagnen gelang es den Archäologen große Teile der durch ein Flüßchen getrennten doppelten Festungsanlage mit Mauer, Türmen, Bastionen und Toren freizulegen. Für den sich deutlich abzeichnenden Festungsplan gibt es bislang keine Parallelen auf der Balkanhalbinsel
Diese Festung wurde schon am Ende des vorigen Jahrhunderts mit den antiken Ruinen auf dem Kaletohügel bei Tchirpan identifiziert
Im 4. Jh. wird der Ort in einem römisch- lateinischen Straßenverzeichnis, dem Itinerarium Burdigalense, als Station an der großen Heerstraße mit Namen Carassura genannt.
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KLIMENT-BANYATA (BULGARIA). EARLY NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT (EXCAVATIONS 1992)
The Karanovo I Culture in the Upper Stryama Valley
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CITY MUSEUM OF HISTORY
KARLOVO (BULGARIA)
Late Neolithic
Early Neolithic
Early Bronze Age
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Тема
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Re: V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
[re: l]
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| Автор | l (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 28.04.05 00:03 |
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KODZHADERMEN (NORTHEAST BULGARIA). PREHISTORIC TELL FROM COPPER AGE
Prehistory in Northwest Bulgaria
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KRIVODOL (BULGARIA). PREHISTORIC MULTILEVEL SETTLEMENT FROM LATER COPPER AGE
Prehistory in the Lower Danube
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[image]http://www.iianthropology.org/index.html[/image]
DUBENE-SAROVKA (BULGARIA). EARLY BRONZE POTTERY FROM THE EXCAVATIONS 1992-2000
The Yunatsite Culture in the Upper Stryama Valley
Cup. Early Bronze II
Early Bronze II-III.
Early Bronze II
Early Bronze II
DUBENE-SAROVKA (BULGARIA). EARLY BRONZE SMALL FINDS (EXCAVATIONS 1992-2000)
The Yunatsite Culture in the Upper Stryama Valley
Ceramic finds. Early Bronze
Ceramic spindle whorls. Early Bronze
Published for the first time
Whistle. Early Bronze
Arrowhead. Flint. Early Bronze II.
Ceramic spoon. Early Bronze.
Perforated tooth.
Early Bronze II.
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Тема
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Re: V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
[re: l]
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| Автор | i (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 28.04.05 00:43 |
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SLATINO - CHARDAKO (SOUTHWEST BULGARIA). PREHISTORIC MULTILEVEL SETTLEMENT FROM EARLY COPPER AGE
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Тема
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Re: V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
[re: l]
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| Автор | i (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 28.04.05 00:59 |
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SLATINO - CHARDAKO (SOUTHWEST BULGARIA). PREHISTORIC MULTILEVEL SETTLEMENT FROM EARLY COPPER AGE
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Тема
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Re: V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
[re: l]
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| Автор | i (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 28.04.05 01:13 |
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NOVO SELO, VIDIN DISTRICT (BULGARIA). PREHISTORIC CREMATION CEMETERY FROM LATE BRONZE AGE
Late Bronze Age in the Lower Danube
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STARA ZAGORA - AZMAK (BULGARIA). PREHISTORIC TELL FROM NEOLITHIC, COPPER AND EARLY BRONZE AGES
Prehistory in Upper Thrace
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OVEN MODEL FROM STARA ZAGORA - MINERALNI BANI TELL (BULGARIA)
Religion and Art in Balkan Prehistory
Oven model from Stara Zagora-Mineralni Bani. Southeastern Bulgaria. Karanovo VI culture of the Karanovo VI - Gumelnita - Varna Complex. Later Fifth Millennium BC.
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STARA ZAGORA - OKRUZHNA BOLNITSA (BULGARIA). PREHISTORIC DWELLINGS FROM EARLY NEOLITHIC
Prehistory in Upper Thrace
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An Axe-scepter Found in Grave 43 at Varna Cemetery (Bulgaria). Varna Culture of the Karanovo VI - Gumelnita - Varna Complex (Later Fifth Millennium BC ).
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The Scepter from Drama (Bulgaria). Earlier Fourth Millennium BC
[image]The Scepter from Drama (Bulgaria). Earlier Fourth Millennium BC [/image]
СТАРОКАМЕННАТА ЕПОХА
(палеолит) - се датира до 10 хил. пр.н.е и отговаря на археологическите, въведени от Г.дьо Мортиле – дошелска(Северозападна Африка и Франция), ашелска (Франция), мустиерска, ориняшка култури и историческия "Първобитно-общинен строй"и биологическите homo habilis(Източна Африка), homo erctus, homo neaderthalensis
СРЕДНОКАМЕННАТА ЕПОХА
(мезолит) се датира приблизително от 10 до 6 хил.пр.н.е; отговаря на археологическата тарденаузка биологическата - homo sapiens
НОВОКАМЕННАТА ЕПОХА
(неолит) се датира приблизително от 6 хил.пр.н.е. до 5 хил.пр.н.е. и отговаря на археологическите епохи Караново І, Караново ІІ, Караново ІІІ и Караново ІV
ПЪРВАТА ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЯ В ЕВРОПА
Варненският некропол се датира в края на каменно - медната епоха (края та 5 хил.пр.н.е)халколит и отговаря на археологическите периоди Караново V и Караново VІ
Некрополът се намира на северния бряг на Варненското езеро, проучени са около 300 погребения. В тях са открити над 6 кг златни предмети. В некропола е представена една раннокласова крайбрежна цивилизация от Западното Черноморие, решително изпреварила синхронните и култури във вътрешността на континента. Повечето от крайбрежните селища на на тази ранна европейска цивилизация днес са потънали под водата.
Богатите погребения в центъра на некропола и бедните край тях, празните и символичните гробове, в някои от които има и глинени маски, оформени в грунта, показват, че аристокрацията е групирана около свой предводител. Безспорната социално - политическа задача на тази фигура изглежда усложнена и от неговите жречески функции. С еднаква степен на вероятност се предполагат култ към прародителя, които, обаче, не може да бъде идентифициран, както и култ към централно хтонично божество, сближено в най - общ порядък към богинята - майка. (Фол)
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Тема
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Re: V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
[re: l]
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| Автор | l (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 28.04.05 01:22 |
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YUNATSITE, PAZARDZHIK DISTRICT (BULGARIA). PREHISTORIC TELL FROM COPPER, BRONZE AND EARLY IRON AGES
Prehistory in Upper Thrace
EARLY IRON AGE
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The prehistoric settelment near Zaminetz
Chalcolithic cultures in the Balkans reached their highest flowering point in the last centuries of the fourth millennium B.C. This development was due to improvements on tools, it was also the result of greater experience and knowledge, of higher achievements in farming and stockbreeding, of new technologies in pottery and to cultural influences and relations between tribes and tribal groups akin to one another.
Copper, which had long been known, was now far more extensively used, and various tools and objects were made of it. Gold was obtained together with copper, and chiefly used in the making of jewellery and various ritual objects.
Important discoveries and changes in production led to qualitative changes in the development of prehistoric cultures. More goods were accumulated, and this had its effect on the socio-economic relations between the tribes, which inhabited the Central and Eastern Balkan Peninsula. Important changes set in the structure and topography of prehistoric settlements in the last period of the Chalcolithic Ages.
Archaeological diggings and studies in Western and North-Western Bulgaria, Eastern Yugoslavia and South-Western Romania revealed that the late Chalcolithic settlements in this area were built upon naturally protected hilltops which were difficult of access, sites which were near rivers and springs. These hilltop settlements were additionally fortified with earthworks, trenches, stonewalls and wooden palisades. The first fort-settlements appeared in this way, and traces of defensive equipment and primitive weapons are found in them. Traces of devastating fires and destruction, periodically repeated and sometimes affecting the entire settlement are found in certain fortified settlements of this type. A number of them were burnt down and destroyed many times, after which they were rebuilt on their former sites. Traces of several consecutive settlements of the late Chalcolithic Age thus formed archaeological strata on the fortified hilltops.
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Тема
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Re: V zorata na Evropa i sveta - Bulgaria
[re: l]
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| Автор | l (Нерегистриран) |
| Публикувано | 28.04.05 01:35 |
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TOMB 626
The four "idols" lying around the scull appear to be guards and companions. This is a female's burial. Maybe one of a priestess, since there are plenty of ornaments.
As a rule, body-laying is oriented along the four cardinal points. The heads point to the north. That is to say, they "look on to" the North. Males were buried in a straight position, lying on their backs, while females were laid sideways with their knees drawn up. Lake Town's inhabitants believed in after life. Their idols were not only symbols of fertility, as one can read in some books. They had a much larger "sphere of action". Had this not been the case, there must have been no reason for them to be found in a tomb.
The necropolis of Lake Town is one of the largest prehistoric necropolises in the world. As many as 1 204 tombs have been unearthed so far. The burial place had been in continuous use from the second half of the Neolith up to the late Neolithic-Chalcholithic Period (5 500 - 4 100 B.C.).
During the excavation and investigation work at the site some important evidence was discovered about the prehistoric cultures of Hamangia, Sava and Varna.
Todor Dimov:
"tomb No 626 containing idols in its inventory: late New Stone Age (the beginning of the 5th millennium B.C.) - culture Hamangia III."
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TOKENS OF CULT
This antler "axe" was found in one of the tombs. It was apparently used to distinguish the deceased person or denote the character of his death. It is among the symbols of the then practiced cult.
The "axe", which looks like a planting tool, a hoe, or a hammer, was not an instrument of labour. It must have been a scepter - used either as a magic-working wand or as a symbol of stately power, but maybe as both.
The "axe" is an evidence leading us to conclude that social organization and power were thought of as values in Lake Town.
Todor Dimov::
"a cult axe made of antler from tomb No 550 of the prehistoric necropolis on the west bank of the Durankulak Lake - Stone-Copper Age (5th millennium B.C.) - culture Varna I."
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THE INSCRIPTIONS
According to a widespread opinion, the people of Lake Town, their contemporaries and their descendants, who somewhere about two thousand years B.C. were to form the Thracian ethnos, did not have a writing system of their own. In my view, it would be more correct to say that:
no written monuments are known to date that could be identified as belonging to the Thracians, the Thracian tribes or their state-like formations.
It would be difficult to imagine that such a numerous people who possessed an extraordinary culture, who played (as evidenced by Homer) so important a role in the development of the ancient world and whose monuments to be found in the present-day Bulgarian lands are tens of thousands, did not use any kind of script.
Would no Thracian chief or just distinguished Thracian in the course of long centuries, with the invariable proximity of literate peoples as their neighbours, with the continuous mutual dealings requiring at least some give-and-take records, use the signs known to them in order to write down: I came to the throne, I conquered, I built...
That sounds quite strange.
I would like to draw your attention to a fragment of a statuette and ask a question: what are these scratches?
Todor Dimov: "female clay statuette with a copper bracelet on one arm, from tomb No 453 of the Durankulak necropolis - Stone-Copper Age (5th millennium B.C.) - culture Varna I.........................................................
These "scratches" are reminiscent of the much more recent tablets from Gradeshnitsa.
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STRING OF SHELL BEADS IN THE STYLE OF THE TUNIC
Todor Dimov: "clay vessels and a string made of dentalium - from different tombs of the necropolis at Durankulak - late New Stone - early Stone-Copper Ages (the beginning of the 5th millennium B.C.) - cultures of Hamangia IV - Varna I."
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THE BELT
We are going to use this belt to tie up our amateur narrative of Lake Town.
The pattern of this belt is the same as that of the tunic, but it is a separate part of the dress. The presence of style is among the most conspicuous features of Lake Town's inhabitants.
It is not possible that they had a perception of dressing style without being aware of style in all other sphere of life. What we are witnessing here are not the ruins of an eclectic primitive world, but rather the remains of a harmoniously developed society whose culture was perhaps part of something awesome and yet unknown. Most likely, in that society:
- the basic human needs were met (within the scope of the then existent standard);
- there was a high measure of division of labour;
- stone and wood were used as building materials;
- people had knowledge of settlement planning and building;
- there existed wall painting;
- people's beliefs were related with the cult of the Mother Goddess and, presumably, the cult of the Bull;
- the miniature pottery items found in the tombs are characteristic of Lake Town inhabitants' representations of After Life;
- present was the class of priests;
- judging by the available indisputable evidence, there existed a sign-system;
- the pottery decoration provides grounds for concluding there was a well-developed abstract thinking and a definite feeling for rhythm;
- Lake Town people knew and used the: number, straight line, plane, circle, sphere, triangle, square, rectangular, rectangular parallelepiped;
- they implied meaning in the notions of: similar, male-female, the four cardinal points, the lunar phases, the annual cycle;
- the miniaturized pottery, as well as the gold ornaments allow us to presume that in Lake Town the sense of detail was part of the understanding of harmony and style;
- the dress had both aesthetic and prestige value, which means the same held true of the dwelling;
- there were intensive trade relations with other human settlements...
If the hypothesis of Petko Dimitrov, and of Ryan and Pitman about the Flood as a Black Sea episode that took place some 5 500 years ago is true, then Lake Town must be the cultural and historical site where Noah and his family started from after leaving their Arc. It was they that founded Lake Town thus also laying the foundations of the building of modern civilization.
If this hypothesis is true, then the cultures of Hamangia and Varna represent the beginning of the World.
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