Chuvash, Bulgarians, Caucasians and Bulgars. The Chuvash are believed to originate from the ancient Bulgars that inhabited the western region of the Volga River and came from Central Asia in the 4th century A.D. The Great Bulgaria was divided into five different hordes, the fourth corresponding to the Chuvash and the fifth representing present-day Bulgarians (see introductory paragraphs). From the data obtained in the present work, the genetic backgrounds of both populations are clearly different. The Chuvash have a central European and some Mediterranean genetic background (probably coming from the Caucasus), while the Bulgarians have a classical eastern Mediterranean composition, grouping with Macedonians and Iranians in the neighbor-joining trees obtained by using DR and DQ genetic distances (Figure 4) and confirmed by correspondence analysis (Figure 5). It is possible that only a cultural and low genetic Bulgar influence was brought into the region without modifying the genetic background of the local population.

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