Ще направя уточнението, че използувам термина автохтони в смисъл на старозаселници, а не новопришълци.Не може да има хора появили се тук, тъй като човека се поавява Африка преди 150 000 години от където мигрира в Азия и от там в Европа.
Първите европейци са кроманьонците. Те мигрират в Европа преди 40-50 000 години, а техни преки потомци са баските.От тях имаме около 1-2% гени.
Втората и вече голяма вълна на заселване на Европа са новокаменните земеделци за които говорим.Техни по-късни вариации са древните гърци, които в долните сайтове са дадени като отделна вълна на заселници, която добавя модифициран но от същия генетичен материал.
Пак от същия, но модифициран тук материал на 8 000 години притежават 28% от българите бе съобщено наскоро.
Тоест говорим за материал от един източник, но пренасян на вълни през различни периоди и в различни варианти до натрупването му до около 80%.

NEOLITHIC FARMERS


Failing to detect significant African or Middle Eastern ancestry in Southern Europe, hardcore Nordicists have been forced to use the higher frequency of Neolithic Levantine ancestry in the South as evidence of "non-white" admixture. However, they forget that this ancestry dates back to pre-historic times (c. 10,000 B.P.), that anthropology has differentiated its carriers from contemporary Near Eastern races, and that all Europeans are part Neolithic, perhaps to a greater extent than previously thought.


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Anthropology
"There are two variants of the Classic Mediterranean type—straight-nosed and hook-nosed. The former is the more primitive and the more widely distributed. It extended in prehistoric times along both shores of the Mediterranean, into central, western, and northern Europe and down into the Horn of Africa. Its area of characterization and source of dissemination cannot have been far from the traditional Garden of Eden—Mesopotamia, which archaeologists include in 'the Fertile Crescent.'

"The expansion of the aquiline or hook-nosed Mediterranean type seems to have been somewhat more limited and probably later than that of the straight-nosed variant. In historical times, it was carried into North Africa and Spain principally by the Arabs, but other Semitic-speaking and non-Semitic peoples of prehistoric times may well have possessed this variation. Some of this type may have reached India, but nasal convexity there seems largely the result of infusions of the Iranian Plateau type."

(Earnest Hooton, Up from the Ape)



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Genetics

The lineages associated with migrations of Neolithic agriculturalists are Middle Eastern HG9 and North African HG21 (Y-chromosome), as well as J, T1, U3 and certain H and W subclusters (mtDNA). Note the uneven distribution of these below, with paternal ancestry differing greatly between SE and SW Europeans despite close racial ties, and maternal ancestry being higher in N and C Europeans than in S Europeans.

HG9/21 Frequencies for Europe, Central Asia and the Mediterranean:

Algerians.....93% (41/52)
N Africans....89% (12/77)
Cypriots......60% (33/27)
Greeks........56% (28/28)
Turks.........43% (33/10)
Ossetians.....40% (34/ 6)
Armenians.....32% (29/ 3)
Italians......32% (18/14)
Romanians.....31% (24/ 7)
Bulgarians....29% (12/17)
Georgians.....25% (23/ 2)
Yugoslavs.....21% ( 8/13)
Hungarians....20% ( 3/17)
Czechs........19% (11/ 8)
Portuguese....19% ( 7/12)
Dutchmen......15% ( 7/ 8)
Frenchmen.....13% ( 5/ 8)
Slovakians....13% ( 3/10)
Spaniards.....13% ( 3/10)
Slovenians....13% ( 6/ 7)
Chuvash.......12% ( 6/ 6)
Belarusians...12% ( 2/10)
Russians......11% ( 4/ 7)
Germans.......10% ( 5/ 5)
Danes..........9% ( 7/ 2)
Poles..........6% ( 4/ 2)
Maris..........6% ( 6/ 0)
Ukrainians.....4% ( 0/ 4)
East Anglians..4% ( 1/ 3)
Belgians.......4% ( 5/ 2)
Swedes.........4% ( 2/ 2)
Norwegians.....4% ( 2/ 2)
Estonians......4% ( 1/ 3)
Irishmen.......3% ( 1/ 2)
Finns..........2% ( 0/ 2)
Scotsmen.......1% ( 1/ 0)
Cornishmen.....0% ( 0/ 0)
Latvians.......0% ( 0/ 0)
Lithuanians....0% ( 0/ 0)
Icelanders.....0% ( 0/ 0)
Lapps..........0% ( 0/ 0)
Basques........0% ( 0/ 0)



(Rosser et al., Am J Hum Genet, 2000)


Neolithic mtDNA Frequencies (Europe only):


North-West.........22%
(Irish, English, Welsh, Cornish and French)

South-East.........20% (Bulgarians and Romanians)
North-East.........18% (Finns, Karelians, Estonians, Chuvash and Russians)
North-Central......17% (Germans, Czechs, Danes and Poles)
Alps...............15% (Austrians, Swiss and Bavarians)
Scandinavia........12% (Norwegians, Icelanders and Swedes)
Western Med........12% (Galicians, Spaniards and Portuguese)
Eastern Med........11% (Greeks and Albanians)
Central Med.........9% (Sardinians, Sicilians, Tuscans and Romans)
Basque Country......7% (Spanish Basques)

(Richards et al., Am J Hum Genet, 2000)


* * *


"We analyzed a large dataset of 22 binary markers from the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome.... The results reveal a significantly larger genetic contribution from Neolithic farmers than did previous indirect approaches based on the distribution of haplotypes selected by using post hoc criteria.... We also argue that local hunter-gatherers contributed less than 30% in the original settlements. This finding leads us to reject a predominantly cultural transmission of agriculture.

"We found an average Neolithic contribution of 50% across all samples, 56% for the Mediterranean subset and 44% in non-Mediterranean samples. Thus, whichever region of Europe is considered, we find that the average value is more than twice that suggested by [previous studies] on the basis of the more readily apparent trends.


Albanians...........74%
Greeks..............71%
Macedonians.........69%
Georgians...........64%
Calabrians..........61%
Hungarians..........60%
Croatians...........56%
Poles...............52%
North Italians......46%
Ukrainians..........44%
Dutchmen............41%
Germans.............40%
Catalans............39%
Frenchmen...........38%
Czechs/Slovaks......38%
Andalusians.........31%
Sardinians..........15%


"Our assessment of the demographic impact of the Neolithic expansion into Europe is largely independent from, but appears consistent with, archaeological evidence, simulations, and classical studies of allele frequencies. Despite some reports of its demise, the original [demic diffusion] model proposed by Ammerman and Cavalli-Sforza is more alive than ever."

(Chikhi et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2002)

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