Bulgar also called BULGARIAN, member of a people known in eastern European history during the Middle Ages. One branch of this people was an ancestor of the modern Bulgarians. The Bulgars probably {!!!!!!!!}originated as a Turkic tribe of Central Asia and arrived in the European steppe west of the Volga River with the Huns about AD 370{ ?????? pak razni dogadki na nashi istorici i to ot naistarite i naludnichavite, niama takova neshto Bulgarite sa bili v kavkaz mnogo predi Hunite, dori i sled kato falsificiraha Armenskite hroniki zaradi godinite koito nikak ne se vrazvaha s predpolagaemoto Huno-Bulgarsko rodstvo pak triabvashe da priznaiat problema zashtoto razselvaneto na Bulgarite kam Armenia se obiasniavashe s predpolagaemoto Hunsko nashestvie - koeto napulno izkljuchva ideta che Bulgarite sa doshli v Evropa zaedno s hunite, ako niakade Bulgarite sa doshli zaedno s Hunite tova e bilo ne v Evropa a v na balkanite i po specialno v Panonia.}; retreating with the Huns, they resettled about 460 {resettled ot kade i kade?}in an arc of country north and east of the Sea of Azov{az shto si mislia che ako e imalo resettlement sled 460 mai na drugo miasto e bilo}. Hired by the Byzantines in 480 to fight against the Ostrogoths, the Bulgars subsequently became attracted by the wealth of the Byzantine Empire. In the 6th century the Bulgars continually attacked the Danubian provinces of the Byzantine {Ami to se vidia savsem jasno na kade e bil tozi resettlement, da ne bi Bulgarite da sa se bili s Gotite v Kavkaz ili na sever ot Cherno more???} Empire until, in the 560s, they were themselves threatened by the Avars, who were then advancing from Asia into central Europe. The Avars destroyed one Bulgar tribe, but the rest saved themselves by submitting, for two decades, to another horde of Turkic newcomers, most of whom then retreated back into Asia. {Aide be retreated, tova pak si e veche napravo nauchna fantastika, avtorite triabva da se ogramotiat poveche. Chetene samo na Bulgarski uchebnici ne varshi rabota osobeno kogato poslednite sa pisani i prepisvani ot psevdo istoricite ni v poslednite niakolko desetiletia.} Unified under a single ruler, Kurt, or Kubrat (reigned c. 605-c. 642), the Bulgars constituted a powerful khanate known to the Byzantines as Great Bulgaria, with the Kuban River as its southern frontier. After Kurt's death his five sons split the people into five hordes. One of these five, remaining on the coast of the Sea of Azov, was absorbed into the new empire of the Khazars; another migrated to central Europe and was merged with the Avars; and another disappeared into service under the Lombards in Italy. Two of the five hordes, however, had longer futures. Kurt's son Bezmer, or Bat-Bayan, avoided the Khazars by leading his horde far to the north, where it eventually occupied an ill-defined country around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers. Subdivided there into three groups (probably through mergers with indigenous peoples or with other immigrants), the horde{ ???? kakav rechnik, tova nauchen termin li e????} maintained itself in prosperity!!!!! for some 600 years. These Volga Bulgars formed not so much a state as a seminomadic confederation{?????? aide be prosperiti v seminomadic confederation tia se samozabraviha, da pitame li kak tezi seminomadi sa imali svoe monetosechene mnogo predi 99% ot togavashnite Evropeiski drzhavi, vkljuchitelno i Dunavska Bulgaria???}, but they had two cities, Bulgar and Suvar, which profited as transshipment points in the trade between the fur-selling Ugrians and Russians of the far north and the southern civilizations--Byzantium, the Muslim Caliphate of Baghdad, and Turkistan. The Volga Bulgars were converted to Islam about 922. In 1237 they were made subject to the Mongol Golden Horde, and, though the city of Bulgar flourished for a long time afterward, the people gradually lost their identity and were mingled with the Russians. {HAHAHA lost identity i mingled with the Russians, ami Tatarite be s tjah niamalo li e mingled ili tia avtori ne znaiat koi zhivee sega v tija zemi i kakva identity ima ama nali te sichkite tam v sajuza vse Rusnaci - niama da se zadalbavat ja???} The fifth product of the breakup of Great Bulgaria was the horde that Kurt's son Asparukh{ Ami brat mu Kuber zashto li go propusnaha????} led westward across the Dniester River and then southward across the Danube. There, on the plain between the Danube and the Balkan Mountains, they established the kernel of the so-called first Bulgarian empire--the state from which the modern nation of Bulgaria derives its name. In the 7th century the Danubian region was nominally controlled by the Byzantine Empire, and it was inhabited by Vlachs (ancestors of the modern Romanians) and also very largely by recently arrived Slavs. The conquering Bulgars were soon permeated by Vlach and, even more thoroughly, by Slavic elements. At the same time, their conquests were carrying them deeper into the ambit of Byzantine Christianity. Territorial expansion into Serbia and Macedonia under Krum (khan 803-814) and under Pressian (836-852) was followed by the conversion of the Bulgars to Christianity under Boris I. The new church's liturgy was in the Slavic language as spoken in the Bulgars' Macedonian possessions, and this language, now known as Old Church Slavonic ----known as Old Bulgarian za da badem potochni shtoto Church Slavonik se poiaviava po kasno i to kato variant na Old Bulgarian. A tova za Vlasite tova sigurno sa go vzeli ot niakoi Rumanski uchebnik, nai posle i na tjah im nameriha miasto. ta takav gjuvech stava kogato avtorite na enciklopedii prepisvat ot savsem razlichni nacionalni istoricheski shkoli bez izobshto da si davat smetka za protivorechiata i razlichnite vazgledi. Ei taka v edna i sashta encyklopedia samuil mozhe da se okazhe hem Bulgarski Tsar/v glavata za Bulgaria/ hem makedonski na drugo miasto. Eto po tazi prichina tezi Encyklopedii vinagi sa bili palni s kakvi li ne kuriozi i gluposti.