In 2008 a company called "DNA Tribes Europa" has used 13 DNA markers to differentiate genetic related groups in Europe. It offeres a specialized analysis for people of European descent, including a detailed comparison to genetic sub-regions of Europe. These genetic sub-regions include both geographical territories and endogamous trans-national communities, who have retained unique genetic characteristics. The determined regions i.e. populations are the next: Ashkenazi, Balkan, Basque, Celtic, Finno-Ugrian, Germanic, Greek, Italian, Norse, Polish, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish. Individuals within each Europe sub-region obtain a spectrum of regional genetic affinities. Because of close genetic relationships within Europe, individuals in a subregion can inherit genetic material that is most common in other sub-regions. Individuals from sub-regions with a history of ethnic endogamy or geographic isolation (such as the Ashkenazi, Basque, or Celtic sub-regions) exhibit higher frequencies of primarily ingroup genetic affiliation. Individuals from centrally located sub-regions, such as the Balkan or Germanic regions, exhibit more variety in genetic affiliations and lower frequencies of primarily in-group genetic affiliation.
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