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Managed migration
"Managed migration" is the term for all legal labour and student migration from outside of the European Union and this accounts for a substantial percentage of overall immigration figures for the UK. Many of the immigrants who arrive under these schemes bring skills which are in short supply in the UK. This area of immigration is managed by the UK Border Agency, a department within the Home Office. Applications are made at UK embassies or consulates or directly to the UK Border Agency, depending upon the type of visa or permit required.
In April 2006 changes to the managed migration system were proposed that would create one points-based immigration system for the UK in place of all other schemes. Tier 1 in the new system - which replaced the Highly Skilled Migrant Programme - gives points for age, education, earning, previous UK experience but not for work experience. The points-based system was phased in over the course of 2008, replacing previous managed migration schemes such as the work permit system and the Highly Skilled Migrant Programme.[43][44]
The points-based system is composed of five tiers, described by the UK Border Agency as follows:
Tier 1 – for highly skilled individuals, who can contribute to growth and productivity;
Tier 2 – for skilled workers with a job offer, to fill gaps in the United Kingdom workforce;
Tier 3 – for limited numbers of low-skilled workers needed to fill temporary labour shortages;
Tier 4 – for students;
Tier 5 – for temporary workers and young people covered by the Youth Mobility Scheme, who are allowed to work in the United Kingdom for a limited time to satisfy primarily non-economic objectives.[45]
In June 2010, Britain's new Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition government brought in a temporary cap on immigration of those entering the UK from outside the EU, with the limit set as 24,100, in order to stop an expected rush of applications before a permanent cap is imposed in April 2011.[46] The cap has caused tension within the coalition, with business secretary Vince Cable arguing that it is harming British businesses.[47] Others have argued that the cap will have a negative impact on Britain's status as a centre for scientific research.[48]
For family relatives of European Economic Area nationals living in the UK, there is the EEA family permit which enables those family members to join their relatives already living and working in the UK.


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