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Тема |
Re: Очакваме сериозни предложения за инвестиции [re: lCTPATEГИЧECKИ ИHBEC] |
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Автор | 156mil.US dollara (Нерегистриран) | |
Публикувано | 28.11.02 21:03 |
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http://www.pbmr.co.za/2_about_the_pbmr/2_8background_to_the_pbmr.htm
COST EFFICIENCY
South Africa has one of the lowest power costs in the world because it has abundant low-cost coal. Current indications are that the PBMR’s output cost would be comparable to the cost of electricity produced by a new South African coal-fired plant situated at the pithead. The cost per unit of electricity produced would, however, be much lower than a coal-fired plant at the South African coast, or the world average cost of US$0.34/kWh. The costs of decommissioning, long-term storage of radioactive waste and insurance are included in these estimates.
The PBMR is relatively inexpensive to build when compared to the cost of building other energy generators. The estimated cost to build a PBMR is about US$1 million per MW of installed capacity, compared to US$900 000 per MW for a new coal-fired power station in South Africa. This price difference is compensated for in the long term when the cost of production and transport of coal from the pithead to the thermal power station is factored in.
http://www.pbmr.co.za/2_about_the_pbmr/2_4pbmr_module_spec.htm
Maximum power output (at a cooling water inlet temperature of 28 єC) 120 MW
This is the maximum electrical power that the plant will be able to generate.
Continuous stable power range 0% to 100%
Ramp rate (100% to 40% to 100%) 10%/min
Ramp rate (40% to 0%) 30 min
Ramp rate (0% to 40%) 30 min
This is the maximum rate at which the power output of the plant can change during load- following operation.
Load rejection without trip 100%
This is the maximum output power from which a loss of load can occur without causing the plant to trip.
Cost US$1 300/kWe
This is the capital cost of the plant.
Construction lead time 24 months
This is the time that is needed to build a module.
Planned outages Between 30 and 50 days per six years
Outage rate 2.5% planned and 2.5% forced
This is the percentage of time over the plant's lifetime that is allocated for maintenance actions.
Overheads, maintenance and fuel costs US$10 to US$11/MWh
These are the operating costs of the plant.
Emergency planning zone < 400 m
This is the area around the plant that may require evacuation in case of an accident.
Plant operating lifetime 40 years
Obshto 156 milona US dollara mozhete li da gi osigorite v sledvashtite 2-3godini.Da ne si onzi krediten miloner v Sveizaria sus 650 milona US dollara.Togava shte ti postroim 4 AEC-a sus suotvetnata infrastruktura.
"Estimates for the International Panel on Climate Change suggest that within the European Continent, 1000 reactors would need to be operational in 2100, six times the current level. This would require the construction of around 2000 reactors in the next century, i.e. the completion of 20 reactors per year. "
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